癌症是一种影响几乎所有多细胞生命的疾病,包括广泛而多样的Aves类群。尽管人们对Aves中导致癌症风险的因素知之甚少,生活史的权衡可以解释癌症患病率的一些变异性.我们预测,在繁殖方面投资高的鸟类患癌症的可能性更高。在这项研究中,我们测试了108种鸟类的生活史特征是否与癌症患病率相关。
■我们从已发布的数据库中获得了生活史数据,并从来自25个不同动物学设施的24个分类顺序的108种鸟类的5,729个尸检中获得了癌症数据。我们在成人体重之间进行了系统发育控制的回归分析,寿命,孵化长度,离合器尺寸,性二态特征,以及肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的患病率。我们还比较了雌鸟和雄鸟的瘤形成和恶性肿瘤患病率。
■为躯体维持和生殖之间的生活史权衡提供支持,我们发现,在Aves中,离合器大小与癌症患病率之间存在正相关关系。与体重没有显着关联,寿命,孵化长度,性二态,和癌症。
■生活史理论为理解不同物种之间的癌症防御差异提供了一个重要框架。这些结果表明在繁殖和躯体维持之间进行权衡,小离合器尺寸的Aves患癌症较少。
UNASSIGNED: Cancer is a disease that affects nearly all multicellular life, including the broad and diverse taxa of Aves. While little is known about the factors that contribute to cancer risk across Aves, life history trade-offs may explain some of this variability in cancer prevalence. We predict birds with high investment in reproduction may have a higher likelihood of developing cancer. In this study, we tested whether life history traits are associated with cancer prevalence in 108 species of birds.
UNASSIGNED: We obtained life history data from published databases and cancer data from 5,729 necropsies from 108 species of birds across 24 taxonomic orders from 25 different zoological facilities. We performed phylogenetically controlled regression analyses between adult body mass, lifespan, incubation length, clutch size, sexually dimorphic traits, and both neoplasia and malignancy prevalence. We also compared the neoplasia and malignancy prevalence of female and male birds.
UNASSIGNED: Providing support for a life history trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproduction, we found a positive relationship between clutch size and cancer prevalence across Aves. There was no significant association with body mass, lifespan, incubation length, sexual dimorphism, and cancer.
UNASSIGNED: Life history theory presents an important framework for understanding differences in cancer defenses across various species. These results suggest a trade-off between reproduction and somatic maintenance, where Aves with small clutch sizes get less cancer.