■腮腺炎是一种主要以腮腺炎症为特征的病毒感染。尽管有疫苗接种计划,报告了完全接种疫苗人群中的感染情况.世界卫生组织(WHO)建议基于小疏水性(SH)基因的测序对腮腺炎进行分子监测。在多项研究中提出了使用高变非编码区(NCR)作为其他分子标记。文献中描述了不同欧洲国家的腮腺炎病毒(MuV)基因型和变体的流行。从2010年到2020年,描述了由基因型G引起的腮腺炎暴发。然而,这个问题还没有从更广泛的地理角度进行分析。在本研究中,分析了在5年内(2015年至2020年3月)在西班牙和荷兰检测到的MuV的序列数据,以在比以前的本地研究更大的地理范围内获得对MuV时空传播的见解。
■本研究包括来自两个国家的基质和融合蛋白基因(MF-NCR)序列之间的总共1,121SH和262NCR。SH的分析揭示了106种不同的单倍型(一组相同的序列)。
■其中,七个显示广泛的循环被认为是变体。这七个国家都是在同时的时间段内检测到的。在156个序列中检测到单个MF-NCR单倍型(占总数的59.3%),并由七个SH变体中的五个共享,以及三种次要的MF-NCR单倍型。在西班牙首先检测到两国共有的所有SH变体和MF-NCR单倍型。
■我们的结果表明了从南欧到北欧的传播途径。尽管两个国家的免疫接种覆盖率相似,但西班牙的腮腺炎发病率较高。可能与更高的MuV出口风险有关。总之,本研究为MuV变异体和单倍型在单一国家边界以外的传播提供了新的见解.事实上,MF-NCR分子工具的使用允许揭示荷兰和西班牙之间的MuV传输流。需要进行包括其他(欧洲)国家在内的类似研究,以提供本研究中提供的数据的更广泛视图。
UNASSIGNED: Mumps is a viral infection mainly characterized by inflammation of the parotid glands. Despite of vaccination programs, infections among fully vaccinated populations were reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends molecular surveillance of mumps based on sequencing of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene. The use of hypervariable non-coding regions (NCR) as additional molecular markers was proposed in multiple studies. Circulation of mumps virus (MuV) genotypes and variants in different European countries were described in the literature. From 2010 to 2020, mumps outbreaks caused by genotype G were described. However, this issue has not been analyzed from a wider geographical perspective. In the present study, sequence data from MuV detected in Spain and in The Netherlands during a period of 5 years (2015- March 2020) were analyzed to gain insights in the spatiotemporal spread of MuV at a larger geographical scale than in previous local studies.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 1,121 SH and 262 NCR between the Matrix and Fusion protein genes (MF-NCR) sequences from both countries were included in this study. Analysis of SH revealed 106 different haplotypes (set of identical sequences).
UNASSIGNED: Of them, seven showing extensive circulation were considered variants. All seven were detected in both countries in coincident temporal periods. A single MF-NCR haplotype was detected in 156 sequences (59.3% of total), and was shared by five of the seven SH variants, as well as three minor MF-NCR haplotypes. All SH variants and MF-NCR haplotypes shared by both countries were detected first in Spain.
UNASSIGNED: Our results suggest a transmission way from south to north Europe. The higher incidence rate of mumps in Spain in spite of similar immunization coverage in both countries, could be associated with higher risk of MuV exportation. In conclusion, the present study provided novel insights into the circulation of MuV variants and haplotypes beyond the borders of single countries. In fact, the use of MF-NCR molecular tool allowed to reveal MuV transmission flows between The Netherlands and Spain. Similar studies including other (European) countries are needed to provide a broader view of the data presented in this study.