纳秒脉冲电场(nsPEF)是1995年首次开发的电刺激技术;nsPEF需要将一系列纳秒级的高电场脉冲传递到生物组织或细胞中。它们在细胞中的主要作用是膜纳米孔的形成和离子通道的活化,导致细胞质Ca2+浓度的递增增加,它触发信号级联,产生多种作用:从细胞凋亡到细胞分化和增殖。Further,nsPEF可能会影响细胞器,使nsPEF成为操纵和研究细胞的独特工具。这种技术被广泛的应用,例如:食品工业中的灭菌,种子萌发,抗寄生虫作用,伤口愈合,增强免疫反应,神经元和肌动蛋白的激活,细胞增殖,细胞表型操纵,基因表达的调节,作为一种新的癌症治疗方法。这篇综述彻底探讨了nsPEF的历史和应用,从生物物理学的角度强调细胞效应,强调离子通道作为细胞质Ca2+浓度增加的机械驱动因素的作用。
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) is an electrostimulation technique first developed in 1995; nsPEF requires the delivery of a series of pulses of high electric fields in the order of nanoseconds into biological tissues or cells. They primary effects in cells is the formation of membrane nanopores and the activation of ionic channels, leading to an incremental increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, which triggers a signaling cascade producing a variety of effects: from apoptosis up to cell differentiation and proliferation. Further, nsPEF may affect organelles, making nsPEF a unique tool to manipulate and study cells. This technique is exploited in a broad spectrum of applications, such as: sterilization in the food industry, seed germination, anti-parasitic effects, wound healing, increased immune response, activation of neurons and myocites, cell proliferation, cellular phenotype manipulation, modulation of gene expression, and as a novel cancer treatment. This review thoroughly explores both nsPEF\'s history and applications, with emphasis on the cellular effects from a biophysics perspective, highlighting the role of ionic channels as a mechanistic driver of the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration.