全球,P.marginatus在木瓜种植中造成了75%的估计经济损失,随着生产成本的增加。植物精油(PEO)提取物具有通过降解其蜡涂层至死亡来控制P.marginatus的潜力;然而,在东非农业生态系统中研究较少。因此,这项研究是为了评估四种PEO的疗效,这些PEO来自(neem,柑橘,大蒜,大蒜和蓖麻)在不同浓度(0.5%,1%,和1.5%)分别有和没有0.2%的佐剂作为生物农药。实验以完全随机设计进行,每个处理浓度重复四次。在实验中使用木瓜种子(Carina品种)。移植3周后,在每株植物中接种50个边际P。治疗应用前,昆虫丰度,卷叶,变黄,和烟灰霉菌进行了评估。然后,24h,48h,施用生物农药后72小时,评估昆虫死亡率。结果显示PEO中所有评估间隔的显著差异(p=0.001)。然而,对于与佐剂组合的PEOs,结果仅在24小时时存在显着差异(p=0.001)。发现在生物农药中,在72小时后,印度的油(1.5%)+异丙醇非常有效(95.5%),其次是(吡虫啉(91%),柑橘类油1.5%(90.7%)和印度实木油(1.5%)+石蜡油(81.0%)。而且,叶片卷曲处理之间存在显着差异,变黄,喷洒21天后木瓜植物的烟灰霉菌减少。我们得出的结论是,印尼姆油(1.5%)+0.2%异丙醇,印尼姆油(1.5%)+石蜡油,和柑橘油(1.5%)显着控制了P。因此,我们建议木瓜种植者采用这些配方来控制他们农场的P.marginatus;然而,小农可以轻松获得的简单配方至关重要。
Worldwide, P. marginatus causes 75% of estimated economic loss in papaya farming, with an increase in production costs. The extract of plant essential oils (PEO) has the potential to control P. marginatus by degrading its wax coatings to death; however, it is less studied in the East African agroecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four PEO from (neem, citrus, garlic, and castor) against P. marginatus at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) with and without 0.2% adjuvants separately as a biopesticide. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications per treatment concentration. The papaya seeds (Carina variety) were used in the experiment. After 3 weeks from transplanting, 50 P. marginatus specimens were inoculated in each plant. Before treatment application, insect abundance, leaf curling, yellowing, and soot mold were assessed. Then, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after biopesticide application, insect mortality was assessed. The results showed a significant difference (p = 0.001) for all assessment intervals in PEOs. However, for the PEOs in combination with the adjuvants, the results were significantly different (p = 0.001) only at 24 h. It was found that among the biopesticides, neem oil (1.5%) + isopropyl alcohol was highly effective (95.5%) after 72 h followed by (Imidacloprid (91%), citrus oil 1.5% (90.7%) and neem oil (1.5%) + paraffin oil (81.0%). But also, there were significant differences among treatments on leaf curling, yellowing, and soot mold reduction in papaya plants 21 days after spray. We conclude that neem oil (1.5%) + 0.2% isopropyl alcohol, neem oil (1.5%) + paraffin oil, and citrus oil (1.5%) significantly controlled P. marginatus. Thus, we recommend adopting these formulations for papaya farmers to control P. marginatus in their farms; however, simple formulations which can be easily accessed by smallholder farmers are essential.