A stress-avulsion fracture of the inferior pole of the patella is rare. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for a transverse fracture of the patella using cannulated screws inserted from the inferior pole of the patella. Subsequently, the patient developed an avulsion fracture of the inferior pole of the patella due to a stress riser from the prominent screw head. The avulsion fracture was treated with open repair and augmentation using a cerclage wire, and the stress riser was eliminated by burying the screw head into the bone. The outcomes were satisfactory. Preventing implant-related stress risers during internal fixation of fractures requires diligent surgical techniques.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and trauma are complex situations with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. Physical and psychological trauma during pregnancy can lead to pre-term labor, abruptio-placenta, and fetal injury or death. Management of trauma is challenging due to physiological and anatomical changes, which can affect fracture management and the risk of radiation exposure. A multidisciplinary approach is beneficial for patient care. This study aimed to determine the impact of orthopaedic trauma on pregnancy and its outcome, and influence of pregnancy on fracture management.
METHODS: A retrospective-study was conducted at a Level-1 trauma-care-center, focusing on 54 pregnant women who sustained trauma between January 2015 and December 2022. The study included patients with closed or open fractures, but excluded those without fractures. Forty-two patients were available with minimum 1 year follow-up. Data was collected from hospital records and PACS, including demographic details, emergency care, and laboratory parameters. Changes made in protocol in fracture management due to pregnancy (primary definitive fixation vs staged management), and impact of trauma on pregnancy outcome; mode-of-delivery, maternal and fetal loss were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean age was 30-years (range: 21-43years). Road-traffic-collision was most-common mode-of-injury (66.7 %). 38.1 % were in the first-trimester, 35.7 % in second, and 26.2 % in third-trimester. Eight patients had polytrauma, seven had multiple-injuries, and 27 had isolated-injuries. The maternal-mortality-rate was 0.45 %. Three polytraumatized patients ended up with intrauterine death, two polytrauma patients underwent elective abortion, one patient presented with spontaneous-abortion, and fetal loss was 14.3 % (6-of-42). Out of 42 patients, 10 had open-injuries and 32 had closed-injuries. Nine patients underwent LSCS(lower-segment-caesarean-section), six of them were planned for elective-LSCS due to injury and associated fractures (two patients with pelvic injuries, two neck femur fracture patients, one open distal femur fracture, and one ankle fracture dislocation).
CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic trauma during pregnancy can significantly affect pregnancy outcomes and is associated with a notably higher risk of fetal loss. An elective-caesarean-section is recommended for patients with polytrauma, pelvic-injuries, and those who are immobilized for longer-duration. During the third-trimester and in polytraumatized patients, external-fixator-application for lower-limb-injuries is a safe strategy, and definitive fixation could be performed post-delivery.

Cases involving both the induced membrane technique (IMT) and intramedullary beaming (IB) are generally rare. Here, we report such a case in an 83-year-old man who presented with left midfoot pain. Pyogenic arthritis was suspected based on clinical findings, and curettage was performed, revealing an extensive bone defect. The patient was clinically diagnosed with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the patient underwent both IMT and IB for the extensive bone defect in the talus and navicular regions caused by seronegative RA. The patient exhibited satisfactory short-term outcomes.

UNASSIGNED: Non-attendance with scheduled postoperative follow-up visits remains a common issue in orthopaedic clinical research. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with loss to follow-up among elderly patients with hip-fracture postoperatively.
UNASSIGNED: A retrospective analysis of 1-year post-surgery was performed on patients aged over 60 years who underwent hip-fracture surgery from January 2017 to March 2019. Based on their completion of the appointed follow-up schedule, the patients were classified into 2 groups: the Loss to Follow-up (LTFU) Group and the Follow-up (FU) Group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Functional Recovery Score (FRS) questionnaires. Telephone interviews were conducted with patients lost to follow-up to determine the reasons for non-attendance. A comparative analysis of baseline characteristics between the 2 groups was implemented, with further exploration of statistical differences through logistic regression.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 992 patients met the inclusion criteria were included in this study, of which 189 patients, accounting for 19.1%, were lost to follow-up 1 year postoperatively. The mean age of the patients in the LTFU Group was 82.0 years, significantly higher than the 76.0 years observed in the FU Group (P < 0.001). The FRS for the LTFU Group was marginally higher than that of the FU group (84.0 vs 81.0), with no significant difference (P = 0.060). Logistic regression analysis identified several significant predictors of noncompliance, including advanced age at surgery, femoral neck fracture, hip arthroplasty, long distance from residence to hospital, and the reliance on urban-rural public transportation for reaching the hospital.
UNASSIGNED: Postoperative follow-up loss was prevalent among elderly patients with hip fractures. Our study indicated a constellation of risk factors contributing to noncompliance, including advanced age, transportation difficulties, long travel distance, femoral neck fracture and hip arthroplasty surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study\'s purpose was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of plate-nail and dual-plate fixation for the treatment of AO/OTA 41-C2 tibial plateau fractures.
METHODS: Twenty synthetic tibias were selected and randomly divided into a plate-nail group (n = 10) and a dual-plate group (n = 10). After the artificial tibias were osteotomized to simulate AO/OTA 41-C2 tibial plateau fractures in both groups, the plate-nail and the dual-plate methods, respectively, were used for fixation, and then axial compression loading, three-point bending, torsion, and axial failure tests were carried out. The data of each group were recorded and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: In the axial compression test, the average stiffness of the plate-nail group was higher than that of the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). The displacement generated in the plate-nail group was significantly smaller than that in the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). In the resisting varus test, the stress of the plate-nail group was significantly higher than that of the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). In the resisting valgus test, the stress of the plate-nail group was slightly higher than that of the dual-plate group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the static torsion test, the load applied to the plate-nail group was smaller than that of the dual-plate group when rotated to 5° (p < 0.05). In the axial compression failure test, the average ultimate load of the plate-nail group was significantly higher than that of the dual-plate group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of AO/OTA 41-C2 tibial plateau fractures with plate-nail fixation is superior to that with dual-plate fixation in resisting axial stress and preventing tibial varus deformity, while dual-plate fixation has better resisting torsional ability.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and clinical efficacy of freehand and 3D printing navigation template assisted screw placement in patients with old odontoid fractures of typeⅡ.
METHODS: Total of 38 patients with old odontoid fractures of typeⅡwere treated from November 2018 to December 2022, all of which presented as chronic neck pain. According to the different methods of screw insertion into the pedicle, the patients were divided into a navigation template group and a freehand group. In the navigation template group, there were 17 patients including 9 males and 8 females with an average age of (51.30±13.20) years old, disease duration was (22.18±7.59) months. In the freehand group, there 21 patients including 7 males and 14 females with an average age of (49.46±11.92) years old, disease duration was (19.52±9.17) months. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and postoperative drainage output were recorded and compared between two groups. The accuracy of screw placement was evaluated by CT scan. Before operation and 1 year after operation, cervical pain was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS), neurological changes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the degree of spinal cord injury was assessed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) injury scale.
RESULTS: All patients were followed up for (25.31±1.21) months. The operation time of template group (112.00±20.48) min had significantly shorter than that of the freehand group(124.29±15.24) min(P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and hospital stay(P>0.05). At 1 year after operation, in template group and freehand group, the VAS [(2.88±0.86), (2.90±0.83)] and JOA [(14.94±1.82), (14.62±2.19)] improved with preoperative [VAS(4.71±0.92), (4.86±0.79) and JOA (12.18±2.30), (11.95±2.31)](P<0.05), with no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). No significant improvement was observed in ASIA grading in either group at 1 year after operation(P>0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). The template group had significantly better accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the axis than the freehand group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between two groups in the accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the atlas (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of typeⅡold odontoid fractures with posterior pedicle screw fixation, 3D printing navigation template screw placement can significantly shorten the operation time, achieve similar clinical efficacy as free-hand screw placement, and significantly improve the accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the axis.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: There are many options for the surgical treatment of pronation external rotation (PER) type IV ankle fractures, including the use of fibular plates and screws, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical stability and safety of different internal fixation methods for PER type IV ankle fractures via finite element analysis.
METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle joint and the whole foot of a healthy 26-years-old adult male was established and validated based on computed tomography images of his lower limb, and a computer-aided design was used to produce a PER type IV ankle fracture and plate and screw model. Four different internal fixation modes were simulated, including a (all ankle fixation-utilizing a fibular plate and screws for comprehensive stabilization of the ankle), b (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + all ankle fixation), c (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + unfixed anterior ankle), and d (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + unfixed anterior and posterior ankles). The results of the four different fixation methods were compared via finite element analysis, and the von Mises stresses. The displacements of the four different fixation methods were analyzed as the output indices.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the results of using fibular plates and screws and the displacement of fracture breaks among the four internal fixation modalities. The von Mises stress in the tibiotalar joint, median ankle, posterior ankle, and anterior ankle was minimized in the working condition of d, d, b, and d respectively. The von Mises stress in the fibular plate and screws was minimized in the working condition of a. The von Mises stress in the distal fibula was minimized in the working condition of a. However, the stress was mainly concentrated at the attachment point of the inferior tibiofibular anterior ligament, and in the working condition with inferior tibiofibular joint fixation, the stress was significantly concentrated in the inferior tibiofibular joint screw in all the fibular plates and screws.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using finite element analysis to compare the biomechanical stability and safety of four configurations of fibular plates and screws for treating PER type IV ankle fractures. All four modalities provided comparable biomechanical stability and safety, showing no significant differences. However, the current limitations of the finite element analysis methodology preclude specific clinical inferences. Further refinement of the methodology in future studies is necessary to enable reliable clinical applications.

UNASSIGNED: To explore the application of improved carpal shoot through view (ICSTV) method in the treatment of distal radius fractures with volar plate internal fixation.
UNASSIGNED: The clinical data of 67 patients with distal radius fractures who met the selection criteria between January 2020 and January 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 males and 37 females with an average age of 53.6 years (range, 18-75 years). According to the AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification, there were 25 cases of type B and 42 cases of type C. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 6 days, with an average of 3.8 days. During the operation, bilateral cortical drilling was performed, and the length of the implanted screw was 1-2 mm shorter than that measured by the depth ruler. Standard anteroposterior and lateral (AAL) fluoroscopy and ICSTV fluoroscopy were performed after volar anatomic locking plate fixation, respectively. If the dorsal cortex of the distal radius was detected to be penetrated, the short screw was replaced and ICSTV fluoroscopy was performed again until no screw was penetrated. The detection rate of dorsal cortical screw penetration was compared between AAL fluoroscopy and ICSTV fluoroscopy. Postoperative CT scan was performed to confirm the presence or absence of dorsal cortical screw penetration.
UNASSIGNED: Intraoperative AAL fluoroscopy found 5 screws penetrating the dorsal cortex in 4 patients (6.0%), and ICSTV fluoroscopy found 19 screws penetrating the dorsal cortex in 15 patients (22.4%) including the above 4 patients, with a significant difference in the detection rate between the two fluoroscopy methods [ OR=0.267 (0.084, 0.845), P=0.018]; 15 patients were replaced with short screws during operation. At the same time, ICSTV fluoroscopy detected 2 screws penetrating into the distal radioulnar joint in 2 cases (3.0%), which could not be found in AAL fluoroscopy, and the direction of the screws was adjusted and replaced. All patients were reexamined by wrist CT within 3 days after operation, and no dorsal cortical screw penetration or screw penetration into the distal radioulnar joint was found. All the 67 patients were followed up 6-18 months, with an average of 11.3 months. Extensor tendon irritation occurred in 2 patients at 3 months after operation, and no extensor tendon rupture occurred in all patients during follow-up. All fractures healed well, and the healing time was 8-13 weeks, with an average of 10.8 weeks. There was no complication such as internal fixation loosening or fracture displacement. The Gartland-Werley score at last follow-up ranged from 0 to 15, with an average of 5.6.
UNASSIGNED: ICSTV fluoroscopy can effectively detect occult dorsal cortical screw penetration of the distal radius that can not be revealed by AAL fluoroscopy.
UNASSIGNED: 探讨改良腕管位透视（improved carpal shoot through view，ICSTV）在掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折术中的应用价值。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾分析2020年1月—2023年1月收治且符合选择标准的67例桡骨远端骨折患者临床资料。其中男30例，女37例；年龄18～75岁，平均53.6岁。国际内固定研究协会/美国骨创伤协会（AO/OTA）分型为B型25例，C型42例。受伤至手术时间2～6 d，平均3.8 d。术中行双皮质钻孔，植入螺钉长度较测深尺测量值短1～2 mm；掌侧解剖锁定钢板固定完毕后行标准正侧位（anteroposterior and lateral，AAL）透视和ICSTV透视，若检测出桡骨远端背侧皮质穿出给予更换短钉再次行ICSTV透视，至无螺钉穿出为止；比较AAL透视和ICSTV透视螺钉穿出背侧皮质的检出率。术后行CT检查确认有无螺钉穿出背侧皮质。.
UNASSIGNED: 术中AAL透视发现4例患者（6.0%）5枚螺钉穿出背侧皮质，ICSTV透视发现包含上述4例患者在内的15例患者（22.4%）19枚螺钉穿出背侧皮质，两种透视方法检出率比较差异有统计学意义 ［ OR=0.267（0.084，0.845）， P=0.018］；15例患者术中均更换为短钉。同时ICSTV透视检测出2例（3.0%）2枚螺钉穿入下尺桡关节，并且在AAL透视中未发现，均给予调整螺钉方向并更换螺钉。所有患者术后3 d内复查腕关节CT均未发现螺钉穿出背侧皮质或穿入下尺桡关节。67例患者均获随访，随访时间6～18个月，平均11.3个月。2例术后3个月发生伸肌腱激惹症状，所有患者随访期间均无伸肌腱断裂发生。骨折均愈合良好，愈合时间8～13周，平均10.8周；无内固定物松动、骨折移位等并发症发生。末次随访时Gartland-Werley评分为0～15分，平均5.6分。.
UNASSIGNED: ICSTV透视可以有效检测出AAL透视无法显示的隐匿性桡骨远端螺钉穿出背侧皮质。.

UNASSIGNED: To compare the short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic suture of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), arthroscopic suture of TFCC combined with open reduction and internal fixation, and simple open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of distal radius fractures combined with ulnar styloid base fractures and TFCC injury.
UNASSIGNED: A clinical data of 97 patients with distal radius fractures combined with ulnar styloid base fracture and TFCC injury, who were admitted between September 2019 and September 2022 and met the selective criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. After reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures, 37 cases underwent arthroscopic suture of TFCC (TFCC group), 31 cases underwent arthroscopic suture of TFCC combined with open reduction and internal fixation of ulnar styloid base fractures (combination group), and 29 cases underwent simple open reduction and internal fixation of ulnar styloid base fractures (internal fixation group). There was no significant difference in baseline data between groups ( P>0.05), such as gender, age, injury side, time from injury to operation, and preoperative radius height, palm inclination, ulnar deviation, grip strength, wrist range of motion (ROM) in rotation, ulnar-radial deviation, and flexion-extension. The differences (change value) in radius height, metacarpal inclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, grip strength, and wrist ROM in rotation, ulnar-radial deviation, and flexion-extension between preoperative and 12 months after operation in 3 groups were compared. The effectiveness was evaluated according to the modified Gartland-Werley score at 12 months after operation.
UNASSIGNED: All incisions healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 14 months). X-ray films showed that there were 4 patients with non-union of ulnar styloid base fracture in TFCC group, and the remaining patients had fracture healing at 3 months after operation. The radius height, palm inclination, and ulnar deviation of 3 groups at 12 months after operation were significantly better than those before operation ( P<0.05); however, the differences in the change values of the above indexes between groups was not significant ( P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, the change values of wrist ROM in rotation, ulnar-radial deviation, and flexion-extension in the TFCC group and the combination group were significantly greater than those in the internal fixation group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the TFCC group and the combination group ( P>0.05). The change values of grip strength was significantly greater in the combination group than in the internal fixation group ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the other groups ( P>0.05). The excellent and good rates according to the modified Gartland-Werley score were 91.89% (34/37), 93.54% (29/31), and 72.41% (21/29) in the TFCC group, the combination group, and the internal fixation group, respectively. The excellent and good rates of the TFCC group and the combination group were significantly higher than that of the internal fixation group ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the TFCC group and the combination group ( P>0.05).
UNASSIGNED: For ulnar styloid base fractures with TFCC injury, compared with simple open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopic suture of TFCC or suture TFCC combined with internal fixation treatment are both beneficial for wrist function recovery, and their short-term effectiveness are similar. Therefore, arthroscopic suture of TFCC may be a better choice.
UNASSIGNED: 比较单纯关节镜下缝合三角纤维软骨复合体（triangular fibrocartilage complex，TFCC）、缝合TFCC联合切开复位内固定与单纯切开复位内固定尺骨茎突骨折治疗桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨茎突基底部骨折伴TFCC损伤的近期疗效。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾性分析2019年9月—2022年9月收治且符合标准的97例桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨茎突基底部骨折并伴TFCC损伤患者临床资料。桡骨远端骨折复位内固定后，37例单纯关节镜下缝合TFCC（TFCC组）、31例缝合TFCC联合切开复位内固定尺骨茎突骨折（联合组）、29例单纯切开复位内固定尺骨茎突骨折（内固定组）。3组患者性别、年龄、受伤侧别、受伤至手术时间以及术前桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角、握力、腕关节旋转活动度、尺桡偏活动度、屈伸活动度等基线资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。比较3组患者术前及术后12个月桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角，腕关节旋转活动度、尺桡偏活动度、屈伸活动度及握力差值（变化值），术后12个月采用改良Gartland-Werley评分评价疗效。.
UNASSIGNED: 术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访，随访时间12～18个月，平均14个月。X线片复查示，TFCC组4例尺骨茎突骨折不愈合，其余患者术后3个月时骨折均愈合；术后12个月3组桡骨高度、掌倾角、尺偏角均优于术前（ P<0.05），但上述指标变化值组间差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。术后12个月，TFCC组、联合组腕关节旋转、尺桡偏、屈伸活动度变化值均优于内固定组（ P<0.05），TFCC组与联合组间差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。联合组握力变化值优于内固定组，差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）；其余组间差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。TFCC组、联合组、内固定组腕关节改良Gartland-Werley评分优良率分别为91.89%（34/37）、93.54%（29/31）、72.41%（21/29）；TFCC组、联合组优良率高于内固定组，差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）；TFCC组与联合组间差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。.
UNASSIGNED: 对于合并TFCC损伤的尺骨茎突基底部骨折，与单纯切开复位内固定相比，关节镜下单纯缝合修复TFCC或联合内固定治疗均有利于术后早期腕关节功能恢复，且两者疗效相似，因此关节镜下单纯修复缝合TFCC可能是更好选择。.