UNASSIGNED: Managing acute vertigo/dizziness for inpatients requires valid communication between the various healthcare professionals that triage such life-threatening presentations, yet there are no current scaling methods for managing such acute vertigo symptoms for inpatients.
UNASSIGNED: To describe the development and validation of the Krems Acute Vertigo/Dizziness Scale (KAVEDIS), a new instrument for tracking subjective symptoms (vertigo, dizziness) and gait impairment across four unique vestibular diagnoses (Menière\'s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, peripheral vestibular hypofunction, and vestibular migraine) over a one-year period after inpatient hospital admission.
UNASSIGNED: Retrospective data collection study from KAVEDIS scale and chart documentation.
UNASSIGNED: The KAVEDIS scale can significantly distinguish scores from admission to discharge in three of four vestibular diagnoses. The documented course of subjective vestibular symptoms and gait disturbances were correlated in all four groups.
UNASSIGNED: We suggest that KAVEDIS documentation among inpatients admitted with acute vertigo/dizziness may improve communication between the various intervening clinicians and help to raise concern in cases of symptomprogression.

UNASSIGNED: Squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive epithelial malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract comprising 90% of all head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is the sixth leading cancer worldwide, with approximately 600,000 cases reported annually. It is one of the most common cancers in India.
UNASSIGNED: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) being the most promising marker has potentially offered new methods to prognosticate and plays an essential role in early diagnosis and treatment apart from tumor, node and metastasis staging which has been used till now. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to evaluate the expression of EGFR in HNSCC cases, according to the new scoring system and find its association with various pathological prognostic factors.
UNASSIGNED: Forty-eight resected specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were received. Cases were appropriately staged, and paraffin-embedded tumor sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were graded. EGFR expression was evaluated as extent score, intensity score and total score (TS).
UNASSIGNED: Data obtained were transferred on to an excel sheet. Chi-square test with and without Yate\'s correction was employed to compare various parameters. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as critical level of significance.
UNASSIGNED: A significant association was observed between TS of EGFR expression and tumor grade but not with tumor stage or lymph node metastasis.
UNASSIGNED: A significant association of EGFR expression exists with tumor grade as per the new scoring system adopted. High EGFR expression suggests uncontrolled growth which depicts that EGFR upregulation may be an early event during HNSCC carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy of the upper aero digestive tract and comprises 90% of all Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). It is the sixth leading cancer worldwide with approximately 600,000 cases reported annually. It is one of the most common cancers in India. Tumour Lymph Node and Metastases (TNM) staging has been the most useful indicator to predict prognosis in HNSCC but recently various biomolecular markers have potentially offered new methods for early diagnosis and treatment alternatives for HNSCC patients; one amongst them being cyclin D1.
OBJECTIVE: This study has been undertaken to evaluate expression of cyclin D1 in HNSCC cases and to find out its association with various pathological prognostic factors.
METHODS: A 48 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumour sections, stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin were graded and staged. Immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 was evaluated as Extent Score (ES), Intensity Score (IS) and Total Score (TS) was calculated.
METHODS: All the relevant data collected was transferred on to the excel sheet. Chi square test with and without Yate\'s correction was used to compare various parameters. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as critical level of significance.
RESULTS: A significant association was seen between TS of Cyclin D1 expression with tumour stage and with lymph node metastasis but not with grade.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher Cyclin D1 expression is associated with higher tumour stage and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, there is value of analysing cyclin D1 amplification and expression, for prognostic evaluation. This may also be further used for targeted therapy in head and neck cancers.