背景:患有智力和感觉或感觉运动残疾的人往往在执行多步任务时遇到问题。为了缓解他们的问题,已经开发了提供任务步骤说明的技术解决方案。指示通常应人们的要求交付(例如,当他们触摸计算机或平板电脑屏幕的某个区域时)或自动,在预设的时间间隔。
目的:这项研究对一种新的基于平板电脑的技术系统进行了初步评估,该系统在智力和感官残疾的参与者靠近平板电脑时提出了任务步骤说明(即,不要求参与者在平板电脑屏幕上进行精细的运动反应)。
方法:该系统包含一个平板电脑和一个无线摄像头,并被编程为在参与者接近平板电脑时提供说明,也就是说,当放置在平板电脑前面的相机检测到它们时。每个任务步骤有两个指令。一个指令涉及参与者要收集的对象,和其他指令有关的\“哪里\”和\“如何\”收集的对象将需要使用。对于六个参与者中的三个,这两个指令是连续提出的,一旦收集了所需的对象,就会显示第二条指令。对于其他3名参与者,这两个指令是同时提出的。说明包括图形表示和简短的口头短语。使用跨个体的非并发多基线设计对两组参与者中的每一组评估系统的影响。
结果:所有参与者均成功使用该系统。对于包括12个步骤的任务,他们的正确任务步骤的平均频率接近或高于11.5。在基线阶段,当他们通过滚动响应从常规平板电脑接收任务步骤指令时,他们的正确性能水平往往要低得多。
结论:调查结果,鉴于研究的初步性质,需要谨慎解释,建议新的基于平板电脑的技术系统可能有助于帮助智力和感官残疾的人执行多步任务。
BACKGROUND: People with intellectual and sensory or sensory-motor disabilities tend to have problems performing multistep tasks. To alleviate their problems, technological solutions have been developed that provide task-step
instructions.
Instructions are generally delivered at people\'s request (eg, as they touch an area of a computer or tablet screen) or automatically, at preset intervals.
OBJECTIVE: This study carried out a preliminary assessment of a new tablet-based technology system that presented task-step instructions when participants with intellectual and sensory disabilities walked close to the tablet (ie, did not require participants to perform fine motor responses on the tablet screen).
METHODS: The system entailed a tablet and a wireless camera and was programmed to present instructions when participants approached the tablet, that is, when the camera positioned in front of the tablet detected them. Two
instructions were available for each task step. One instruction concerned the object(s) that the participants were to collect, and the other instruction concerned the \"where\" and \"how\" the object(s) collected would need to be used. For 3 of the six participants, the two instructions were presented in succession, with the second instruction presented once the required object(s) had been collected. For the other 3 participants, the two
instructions were presented simultaneously.
Instructions consisted of pictorial representations combined with brief verbal phrases. The impact of the system was assessed for each of the 2 groups of participants using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across individuals.
RESULTS: All participants were successful in using the system. Their mean frequency of correct task steps was close to or above 11.5 for tasks including 12 steps. Their level of correct performance tended to be much lower during the baseline phase when they were to receive the task-step instructions from a regular tablet through scrolling responses.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings, which need to be interpreted with caution given the preliminary nature of the study, suggest that the new tablet-based technology system might be useful for helping people with intellectual and sensory disabilities perform multistep tasks.