人类协调他们的眼睛,头部,和身体运动,以从动态环境中收集信息,同时最大化奖励并最小化生物力学和能量成本。然而,这种自然的行为是不可能在传统的实验采用头部/身体约束和人工,静态刺激。因此,目前尚不清楚实验室研究中发现的固定选择机制在多大程度上,例如返回抑制(IOR),影响日常行为。为了解决这个差距,参与者执行了九项现实世界的任务,包括开车,视觉搜索一个项目,建造一套乐高积木,同时佩戴移动眼动仪(169个录音;26.6小时)。令人惊讶的是,在所有任务中,参与者通常会回到他们刚刚看到的状态,扫视延迟在返回之前比前扫视短,即,与便利化一致,而不是抑制,的回归。我们假设眼睛和头部运动努力的守恒(“懒惰”)有助于。相应地,我们观察到相对于头部方向的固定位置和持续时间的中心偏差。通过随机采样这些分布来生成扫描路径的模型再现了我们观察到的所有返回现象,包括向前扫视和返回扫视的不同的3-固定序列。控制轨道偏心率后,一项任务(构建乐高套装)显示了IOR的证据。这个,随着模型和数据之间的小差异,表明大脑在运动成本最小化和奖励最大化之间取得了平衡(例如,由IOR和其他机制完成),并且最佳平衡根据任务需求而变化。支持此帐户,每个任务中使用的轨道运动范围与固定持续时间合法地进行了权衡。
Humans coordinate their eye, head, and body movements to gather information from a dynamic environment while maximizing reward and minimizing biomechanical and energetic costs. However, such natural behavior is not possible in traditional experiments employing head/body restraints and artificial, static stimuli. Therefore, it is unclear to what extent mechanisms of fixation selection discovered in lab studies, such as inhibition-of-return (IOR), influence everyday behavior. To address this gap, participants performed nine real-world tasks, including driving, visually searching for an item, and building a Lego set, while wearing a mobile eye tracker (169 recordings; 26.6 h). Surprisingly, in all tasks, participants most often returned to what they just viewed and saccade latencies were shorter preceding return than forward saccades, i.e., consistent with facilitation, rather than inhibition, of return. We hypothesize that conservation of eye and head motor effort (\"laziness\") contributes. Correspondingly, we observed center biases in fixation position and duration relative to the head\'s orientation. A model that generates scanpaths by randomly sampling these distributions reproduced all return phenomena we observed, including distinct 3-fixation sequences for forward versus return saccades. After controlling for orbital eccentricity, one task (building a Lego set) showed evidence for IOR. This, along with small discrepancies between model and data, indicates that the brain balances minimization of motor costs with maximization of rewards (e.g., accomplished by IOR and other mechanisms) and that the optimal balance varies according to task demands. Supporting this account, the orbital range of motion used in each task traded off lawfully with fixation duration.