UNASSIGNED: To investigate whether the preoperative shoulder range of motion (ROM), would increase the risk of postoperative shoulder stiffness, or whether it would be associated with other preoperative patient characteristics.
UNASSIGNED: The authors retrospectively analysed the 372 shoulders that underwent rotator cuff repair by 4 surgeons, between January 2010 and January 2011. All patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months by 2 independent observers to collect the ROM, including active forward elevation (AFE), passive forward elevation (PFE), and external rotation (ER), as well as subjective shoulder value (SSV).
UNASSIGNED: Of the initial cohort of 372 patients, 10 were lost to follow-up (2.7%), leaving a final cohort of 362 patients available for outcome assessment at a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Of the 362 patients, 281 did not require corticosteroid infiltration, 68 received corticosteroid infiltrations for shoulder stiffness with no apparent cause, and 13 received corticosteroid infiltrations for other reasons. None of the variables were associated with infiltration for shoulder stiffness. Older patients had greater SSV scores (β = 0.3; 95% CI [0.1, 0.6]; P = .015), while both manual and repetitive workers had lower SSV scores (β = -10.7; 95% CI [-15.8, -5.6]; P < .001, and β = -10.2; 95% CI [-15.1, -5.3]; P < .001).
UNASSIGNED: Postoperative SSV was significantly associated with age, as well as manual or repetitive work. Furthermore, postoperative PFE, AFE, and ER were significantly associated with preoperative PFE. Finally, at 3 and 6 months postoperative, patients who required infiltration for shoulder stiffness had significantly lower PFE, AFE, and ER compared to patients who did not require infiltration.
UNASSIGNED: IV, Case series.

BACKGROUND: Malignant neoplasms originating from or involving the mediastinum represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge when they are in contact with nearby cardiovascular structures. We aimed to test the diagnostic accuracy of cine-magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) in detecting the infiltration of cardiovascular structures in cases with uncertain or equivocal findings from contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) scanning.
METHODS: Fifty patients affected by tumors with a suspected invasion of mediastinal cardiovascular structures at the pre-operative chest CT scan stage underwent cine-MRI before surgery at our Institution. Intraoperative findings and the histological post-surgical report were used as a reference standard to define infiltration. Inter- and intra-observer agreement for CT scans and cine-MRI were also computed over a homogenous sample of 14 patients.
RESULTS: Cine-MRI had a higher negative predictive value (93% vs. 54%, p < 0.001) than CT scans, higher sensitivity (91% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), as well as greater accuracy (66% vs. 50%, p < 0.001) in detecting cardiovascular invasion. Cine-MRI also showed better inter- and intra-observer agreement for infiltration detection.
CONCLUSIONS: Cine-MRI outperforms conventional contrast-enhanced chest CT scans in the preoperative assessment of cardiovascular infiltration by mediastinal or pulmonary tumors, making it a useful imaging modality in the preoperative staging and evaluation of patients with equivocal findings at the chest CT scan stage.

Groundwater is an often-overlooked resource, while its declining quantity and quality is of global concern. To protect and ensure stable quantity and quality of groundwater systems used as drinking water supplies, a common method is to artificially recharge these groundwater supplies with surface water, a process called managed aquifer recharge (MAR), that has been used globally for decades. However, surface waters used for MAR often contain elevated concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), such as plastics, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). When infiltrating this surface water, MAR can thus act as a shortcut for CECs into groundwater systems and eventually drinking water supplies. Especially PFAS are an example of very persistent contaminants showing atypical transport patterns during MAR and thus posing a risk for ground- and drinking water contamination. This systematic review addresses the transport process of CECs through MAR systems by looking at (1) common CEC concentrations in surface waters, (2) factors affecting CEC transport and possible retention during MAR, such as sorption and other physio-chemical mechanisms of CECs, biological and chemical decomposition, or hydrogeological properties of the MAR system, and (3) key contaminants leaching through the MAR systems as well as possible treatment options to improve the retention of CECs during MAR. Since we are facing increasing needs for high quality drinking water, lower CEC drinking water guidelines as well as an increasing number of identified CECs in surface waters, we conclude with a series of recommendations and future research directions to address these issues. Those include the need for regular monitoring programs specifically addressing CECs and especially not yet regulated, (very) persistent and (very) mobile contaminants, such as PFAS, as well as redesigned MAR systems to ensure stable ground- and drinking water quantity and quality.

暂无摘要。

While existing studies on sewer networks have explored topics such as surface water inflow, limited research has delved into groundwater infiltration (GWI). This study aims to fill this void by providing a comprehensive overview of quantitative analyses of GWI in sewer networks plus current status, limitations and future perspectives, considering the most relevant peer-reviewed research, including 83 studies. We propose dividing the existing research into two main groups: (1) phreatic zone, and (2) vadose zone. Most research has focused on the latter, mainly considering Rainfall-Derived Inflow and Infiltration (RDII), including surface water inflow and GWI. The ratio of each is not frequently separated; otherwise, there may be some assumptions, e.g. in dry weather and assuming zero surface water inflow. We also divided the employed approaches in different categories from physically-based numerical models, to simpler ones, e.g. water budget analysis. In fact, a combination of approaches may be applied to find the intricate characteristics of \'urban groundwater\' or \'urban karst.\' The findings revealed a heightened vulnerability of sewer networks to GWI, due to climate change (CC) and its associated repercussions, e.g. sea level rise (SLR), making the coastal cities the most vulnerable regions. In future research, the criticality of pre-emptive measures and monitoring of networks, especially near the coastline, is emphasised to ensure the resilience and adaptability of sewer networks in the context of GWI amid the potential impacts of CC. However, current monitoring practices lack widespread evidence for spatiotemporal analysis of GWI quantity.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant proliferative disorder involving the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Retinal involvement is a rare form of presentation in patients with CML. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with an acute bilateral visual disturbance. Her initial visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed multiple yellowish retinal infiltrates, vascular sheathing, and peripheral sclerosed blood vessels. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed bilateral peripheral retinal ischemia. Optical coherence tomography of the macula showed varying sizes of hyperreflective lesions distributed within the inner and outer retinal layers and in the subretinal space. Systemic workup revealed marked leukocytosis, and bone marrow biopsy revealed CML. Patients with CML can rarely present with ocular symptoms. Early recognition and prompt referral are crucial in lifesaving.

UNASSIGNED: To compare infiltration, sealing and microleakage in root dentin with a self-conditioning adhesive system combined with dual curing resin (resin-based cement) to a conventional epoxy-resin-based sealer using confocal microscopy imaging.
UNASSIGNED: 26 roots were enlarged and disinfected. Dentin tubules of 24 teeth were labelled with a red fluorophore (Rhodamine B) (two samples served as controls). Root canal samples were sealed in group AH (n = 11) with a conventional sealer (AH Plus Root Canal Sealer, Dentsply DeTrey) and in group RC (n = 11) with a resin-based cement (Parabond combined with Paracore, Coltène). Roots were then sectioned horizontally and immersed in H2O2 to remove the Rhodamine B not fixed by the sealers. The empty dentin spaces were labeled with a green fluorophore (Fluorescein) enabling the evaluation of infiltration as well as microleakage by confocal microscopy. Two additional samples were fractured in vertical direction for observation under SEM.
UNASSIGNED: Group RC presented significantly more infiltration in the middle third than in the middle and apical thirds of group AH. Microleakage was significantly higher in group AH than in group RC. SEM images revealed more dentin plugs and a homogenous resin layer in group RC in contrast to group AH.
UNASSIGNED: The resin-based cement revealed promising outcomes compared to a traditional epoxy resin based sealer.
Infiltration and microleakage in infiltrated and sealed root dentin samples are higher in middle than apical root thirds. Root dentin infiltration and sealing with a self-conditioning adhesive system and a dual-curing resin cement revealed less microleakage than with an epoxy-resin-based sealer.

Quantitation of sewer inflow and infiltration (I/I) is important for maintaining efficient wastewater transport and treatment. I/I flows can be quantified based on flow rate and water quality measurements. Flow rate-based methods require continuous monitoring of flow rates using flow meters that are costly and prone to fouling. In comparison, conductivity and temperature, as simple water quality parameters, are more easily measurable with more cost-effective and reliable sensors. In this study, a data-driven methodology is developed for estimating I/I flows based on online conductivity and temperature measurements. A Prophet-model-based analytic algorithm is first developed to reconstruct the temperature and conductivity profiles of the base wastewater flow (BWF) from the measured temperature and conductivity time series. The algorithm is shown to be able to reconstruct the BWF temperature and conductivity profiles in two monitored catchments. The reconstructed BWF data are then incorporated into mass/energy balance equations for estimating I/I flows from the measured temperature and conductivity data. The overall I/I quantification method is finally demonstrated using simulation studies of a real-life sewer network and validated against the known I/I flows. This work provides a reliable method for I/I quantification based on simple measurements.

Loess structure is the physical key factor that determines its stability and consists of macro-pores, loose texture, and water sensitivity. The structural change characteristics and effects of the undisturbed loess before and after water infiltration are studied using mechanical CT and simulation tests in order to study the structural change process within the undisturbed loess caused by water infiltration. The change in particle state is as follows: the peak frequency point of the equivalent diameter of the loess particles after infiltration ranged from 16.75 to 23.76 μm, and the eroded fine particles consisted primarily of fine particles. The smaller loess particles are removed by water infiltration resulting in coarsening of soil particles. The sphericity of the loess particles gradually changes from spherical pores to angular and dendritic pores. The particle inclination angle transitions to a range greater than 70°, and its proportion is approximately 61%. The change in pore structure is as follows: The loess porosity after infiltration increased by approximately 20%, and the increase in the pore area ratio of the mesopores and the macropores was higher than that of the micropores. Additionally, the small pores increased by more than 5 times the original state of the undisturbed loess. The connected pores expanded less than 60% of the initial state to more than 90% after infiltration, thus, increasing the dominant seepage channel of the undisturbed loess. These changes in particle and porosity further increase the water filtration intensity and promote the migration of fine particles (mainly silt particles), linking loess catastrophes and are the leading cause of loess settlement and slope instability. The process of water infiltration into the loess, the mechanism of loess collapsibility, and the influence of salinity on the loess structure and strength are discussed in this study.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common and potentially life-threatening condition. Chronic aortic inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AAA. Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) is increasingly acknowledged as a significant regulator of the inflammatory process. However, the precise involvement of NINJ1 in AAA formation remains largely unexplored. The present study finds that the expression level of NINJ1 is elevated, along with the specific expression level in macrophages within human and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced murine AAA lesions. Furthermore, Ninj1flox/flox and Ninj1flox/floxLyz2-Cre mice on an ApoE-/- background are generated, and macrophage NINJ1 deficiency inhibits AAA formation and reduces macrophage infiltration in mice infused with Ang II. Consistently, in vitro suppressing the expression level of NINJ1 in macrophages significantly restricts macrophage adhesion and migration, while attenuating macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. Bulk RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis uncover that NINJ1 can modulate macrophage infiltration through the TLR4/NF-κB/CCR2 signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicates that NINJ1 can activate TLR4 by competitively binding with ANXA2, an inhibitory interacting protein of TLR4. These findings reveal that NINJ1 can modulate AAA formation by promoting macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory responses, highlighting the potential of NINJ1 as a therapeutic target for AAA.