婴儿血管瘤(IH),儿科最常见的血管肿瘤,被认为是由干细胞对刺激如缺氧的异常反应引起的。这篇综述探讨了不同的表现形式,并发症,以及IH的管理策略,强调多学科方法的重要性。与IH相关的流行病学和危险因素,包括与早产的联系,低出生体重,家庭背景,正在讨论。涉及血管瘤干细胞的复杂发病机制,KIAA1429,缺氧,并检查肾素-血管紧张素系统。自然史和临床特征,以及皮外受累,如肝IH,PHACES综合征,和腰椎综合征,是详细的。溃疡等并发症,功能损害,甲状腺功能减退,强调了化妆品的担忧。鉴别诊断和诊断模式,包括色度计,高频超声检查,和成像技术,正在讨论。管理方法,包括使用普萘洛尔,阿替洛尔,皮质类固醇,替代系统治疗,局部治疗,激光治疗,和手术,全面审查。强调了IH管理不断发展的格局,正在进行的研究探索替代治疗和基于IH特征的个性化方法。
Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common vascular tumor in pediatrics, is thought to arise from aberrant stem cell responses to stimuli such as hypoxia. This review explores the diverse manifestations, complications, and management strategies for IH, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The epidemiology and risk factors associated with IH, including connections to prematurity, low birth weight, and family background, are discussed. The intricate pathogenesis involving hemangioma stem cells, KIAA1429, hypoxia, and the renin-angiotensin system is examined. The natural history and clinical features, as well as extracutaneous involvements such as hepatic IH, PHACES syndrome, and LUMBAR syndrome, are detailed. Complications such as ulceration, functional impairment, hypothyroidism, and cosmetic concerns are highlighted. The differential diagnosis and diagnostic modalities, including colorimeters, high-frequency ultrasonography, and imaging techniques, are discussed. Management approaches, including the use of propranolol, atenolol, corticosteroids, alternative systemic treatments, topical therapy, laser therapy, and surgery, are comprehensively reviewed. The evolving landscape of IH management is underscored, with ongoing research exploring alternative treatments and individualized approaches based on IH characteristics.