背景:药物不良反应(ADR)监测对于确保患者和药物安全至关重要。然而,加纳缺乏关于ADR报告趋势模式的证据。这项研究,因此,旨在分析和描述加纳16年来报告的ADR趋势。
方法:我们回顾性分析了2005年至2021年加纳国家药物警戒中心收到的个别病例安全反驳(ICSRs)。Jointpoint回归用于估计年龄调整后的ADR率,按性别和患者特征分层,可疑药物组,临床适应症,以及ADR的表现。为了评估一段时间内的趋势,使用年度估算百分比。
结果:从2005年到2021年,我们总共确定了6853个ICSR。从2005年到2019年,经年龄调整的ICSR比率显着增加,年增长率为18.6%;但是,从2019年到2021年有下降趋势,尽管没有统计学意义。与女性(35.7%)相比,男性占ICSR的大多数(64.3%)。最常与ADR相关的可疑药物组是抗原生动物,占所有ICSRs的35.6%。而血管疾病(21.0%)是最常见的ADR临床指征。胃肠道疾病的ICSR发生率增加,每年增加32.5%(95%CI,20.6-45.6%;p<0.001)。阿莫地喹是与ADR相关的最常见的可疑药物(8.9%),而瘙痒(7.2%)是最常见的首选术语。
结论:该研究提供了加纳国家药物警戒中心在过去16年中收到的ICSRs的详细概述,并表明随着时间的推移,ADR相关药物的使用以及临床适应症的增加趋势。这项研究的结果要求采取多方面的策略,旨在减少与不适当药物使用相关的风险,提高用药安全知识,从而改善医疗服务的提供和病人的安全。
BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring is crucial in ensuring patient and pharmaceutical safety. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding ADR reporting trend pattern in Ghana. This study, therefore, aimed to analyse and characterise trends in ADRs reported in Ghana over 16 years.
METHODS: We retrospectively analysed individual case safety retorts (ICSRs) received by the Ghana National Pharmacovigilance Centre from 2005 to 2021. Jointpoint regression was used to estimate age-adjusted ADR rates, stratified by sex and patient characteristics, suspected medication groups, clinical indications, and the manifestation of ADRs. To evaluate trends over time, the percentage annualised estimator was used.
RESULTS: We identified a total of 6853 ICSRs from 2005 to 2021. The age-adjusted ICSR rates increased significantly from 2005 to 2019, with an annual increase of 18.6%; however, there was a downward trend from 2019 to 2021, although not statistically significant. Males accounted for the majority (64.3%) of ICSRs compared to females (35.7%). The suspected medication group most frequently associated with ADRs were antiprotozoals accounting for 35.6% of all ICSRs, while vascular disorders (21.0%) were the most commonly observed clinical indication in relation to ADRs. An increase in ICSR rates was noted for gastrointestinal disorders with an annual increase of 32.5% (95% CI, 20.6-45.6%; p < 0.001). Amodiaquine was the most commonly suspected medication (8.9%) associated with ADRs, while pruritus (7.2%) was the most frequently reported preferred term.
CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a detailed overview of ICSRs received by the Ghana National Pharmacovigilance Centre over the past 16 years and demonstrates an increasing trend of ADR-related medication use as well as clinical indications over time. The findings of this study call for multifaceted strategies aimed at reducing the risks associated with inappropriate drug use, and enhancing knowledge of medication safety, thus improving healthcare service delivery and patient safety.