背景:营养不良的原因是食物不足,儿童护理受损,获得医疗保健的机会有限,孕产妇缺乏健康素养。此外,有几个环境因素,如饮用水质量,卫生条件差,以及可能导致儿童营养状况不良的卫生习惯。本研究旨在比较与家庭相关的危险因素,包括水,卫生,和母亲的卫生(WASH)做法,五岁以下的儿童发育迟缓。
方法:对旁遮普省南部德拉加齐汗地区五岁以下儿童的母亲进行了面对面的横断面调查,巴基斯坦。使用世界卫生组织的发育迟缓标准来识别参与者。社会人口统计问卷用于收集同意的父母/监护人关于儿童年龄的信息,喂养,和WASH实践。皮尔森的卡方,简单回归,并应用层次回归模型进行数据分析。
结果:共有204名男女儿童母亲参与了这项研究。儿童平均年龄(SD)15.67(±10.2)个月,他们的体重是5.44(±1.45)公斤,他们的身高是67.69(±10.05),上臂中周为9.75(±1.30)cm。儿童发育迟缓为轻度(z评分>-2),为17.6%,中等(z分数-2到-3)为16.7%,65.7%的参与者为严重(z评分<-3)。一个简单的回归模型显示出很强的关联性,r2=0.062,p=0.013,年龄是最重要的社会人口统计学因素。分层回归模型显示组合值r2=0.0128,p=0.027,手泵和水箱水为与儿童发育迟缓相关的显著饮用水源。
结论:发育迟缓可能与几个危险因素有关,包括WASH参数。这项研究得出结论,在旁遮普邦南部,五岁以下的儿童容易发育迟缓,巴基斯坦。发现手动泵和水箱水资源的污染是造成发育迟缓的主要因素。
Reasons for undernutrition are food insufficiency, impaired child care, limited access to healthcare, and maternal lack of health literacy. In addition, there are several environmental factors, such as drinking water quality, poor sanitation, and hygienic practices that can lead to poor nutritional status in children. The present study aimed to compare household-associated risk factors, including water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices of mothers, with children\'s stunting under the age of five.
A face-to-face cross-sectional survey was conducted with mothers of children under the age of five in the Dera Ghazi Khan district in southern Punjab, Pakistan. World Health Organization criteria for stunting were used to identify the participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to collect information from consented parents/guardians on children\'s age, feeding, and WASH practices. Pearson\'s chi-square, simple regression, and hierarchical regression models were applied for data analysis.
A total of 204 mothers of children of both genders participated in this study. The children\'s mean (SD) age was 15.67 (± 10.2) months, their weight was 5.44 (± 1.45) kg, their height was 67.69 (± 10.05), and their mid-upper arm circumference was 9.75 (± 1.30) cm. Children\'s stunting was mild (z-score > -2) at 17.6%, moderate (z-score - 2 to -3) at 16.7%, and severe (z-score < -3) at 65.7% of participants. A simple regression model showed a strong association, r2 = 0.062, p = 0.013, with age as the most significant sociodemographic factor. The hierarchical regression model showed a combined value of r2 = 0.0128, p = 0.027, with hand pump and tank water as the significant source of drinking water that was related to stunting among children.
Stunting can be associated with several risk factors, including WASH parameters. This study concluded that children aged under five years are susceptible to stunting in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The contamination of hand pumps and tank water resources was found to be the major contributing factor to stunting.