背景:炎症,免疫,和神经退行性疾病构成一类持续和衰弱的疾病,影响着全世界数百万人,具有相互交织的病理生理途径。最近的研究聚焦了天然存在的化合物,如柚皮素,用于多种疾病的潜在治疗应用。
目的:这篇综述对柚皮素的抗炎作用进行了全面的探索,免疫保护,和神经保护机制,阐明其药理靶点,信号转导途径,安全概况,和临床研究的见解。
方法:本综述的数据是通过对PubMed和GoogleScholar等搜索引擎已发表的各种研究进行审查而收集的。来自包括BenthamScience在内的知名出版商的内容,泰勒和弗朗西斯,自然,PLOSONE,其中,被引用。
结果:柚皮素通过抑制NF-κB信号通路表现出显著的抗炎作用。它激活Nrf2,以其抗炎特性而闻名,诱导巨噬细胞释放血红素酶-1。此外,柚皮素治疗下调Th1细胞因子和炎症介质的表达。它还阻碍黄嘌呤氧化酶,抵消活性氧(ROS),清除超氧自由基,减轻氧诱导的K+红细胞的可及性,并减少脂质过氧化。柚皮素的抗氧化能力有望解决神经系统疾病。
结论:已经进行了广泛的研究来建立抗炎,免疫调节,以及柚皮素在各个医学领域的神经保护特性,相信它的药理效用。柚皮素作为治疗剂的主要障碍仍然是缺乏体内数据。努力应该集中在使柚皮素分娩对病人友好,经济上可行,技术先进。
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory, immune, and neurodegenerative diseases constitute a category of persistent and debilitating conditions affecting millions worldwide, with inter-twined pathophysiological pathways. Recent research has spotlighted naturally occurring compounds like naringenin for potential therapeutic applications across multiple ailments.
OBJECTIVE: This review offers an encompassing exploration of naringenin\'s anti-inflamma-tory, immune-protective, and neuroprotective mechanisms, elucidating its pharmacological targets, signal transduction pathways, safety profile, and insights from clinical investigations.
METHODS: Data for this review were amassed through the scrutiny of various published studies via search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Content from reputable publishers including Bentham Science, Taylor and Francis, Nature, PLOS ONE, among others, was referenced.
RESULTS: Naringenin exhibits substantial anti-inflammatory effects by restraining the NF-κB signaling pathway. It activates Nrf2, renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, inducing the release of hemeoxynase-1 by macrophages. Furthermore, naringenin treatment downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators. It also impedes xanthine oxidase, counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenges superoxide radicals, mitigates the accessibility of oxygen-induced K+ erythrocytes, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Naringenin\'s antioxidant prowess holds promise for addressing neurological conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Extensive research has been undertaken to establish the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective attributes of naringenin across various medical domains, lending credence to its pharmacological utility. The principal obstacle to naringenin\'s adoption as a therapeutic agent remains the dearth of in vivo data. Efforts should focus on rendering naringenin delivery patient-friendly, economically viable, and technologically advanced.