新型癌症疗法彻底改变了各种癌症的管理。免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)是这些抗肿瘤药物之一。ICIs,是免疫疗法,增强免疫系统对抗癌细胞的能力。基于它们抑制的受体,如PD-1、PD-L1和CTLA-4,ICI被细分。虽然这类药物对癌症患者非常有益,它们的副作用可能是致命的。多个器官,比如心血管系统,可能受到免疫相关不良反应(irAEs)的影响。这些心脏毒性irAE可以以高达1%的速率发生,并且可以是致命的。心肌炎是所有心脏毒性中最常见的。本系统评价的目的是评估心肌炎的严重性,ICIs最普遍的心脏毒性,以及筛查的重要性。我们选择了基于系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)2020标准的首选报告项目的研究。因此,从2018年到2023年,我们从PubMed、ScienceDirect,WebofScience,Cochrane图书馆,谷歌学者。在基于各种筛选方法和质量评估工具确定的665项研究中,选择13人纳入研究。这项研究表明,尽管ICI治疗中心肌炎的风险较低,并且大多数病例无症状或轻度,有些情况可能是致命和灾难性的,医生应该意识到,如果根据临床症状怀疑心肌炎,肌钙蛋白,心电图,还有超声心动图,应相应开始治疗。
Novel cancer therapies have revolutionized the management of various cancers. An immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is one of these antitumor medications. ICIs, which are immune therapies, enhance the immune system\'s capacity to fight cancer cells. Based on the receptors that they inhibit, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, ICIs are subdivided. Although this class of drugs is extremely beneficial for cancer patients, their adverse effects can be fatal. Multiple organs, such as the cardiovascular system, may be impacted by immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). These cardiotoxic irAEs can occur at a rate of up to 1% and can be fatal. Myocarditis is the most prevalent of all cardiotoxicities. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the seriousness of myocarditis, the most prevalent cardiotoxicity of ICIs, and the importance of screening. We chose studies based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 criteria. Therefore, from 2018 to 2023, we gathered articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Of the 665 studies identified based on various screening methods and quality assessment tools, 13 were selected for inclusion in the study. This study shows that although the risk of myocarditis in ICI therapy is low and the majority of cases are asymptomatic or mild, some cases can be deadly and disastrous, and physicians should be aware that if myocarditis is suspected based on clinical symptoms, troponin, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram, treatment should be initiated accordingly.