职业应用“辅助”机器人会对工作场所的长期人机协作产生不利影响,导致工人自满的风险,减少劳动力技能,和情境意识减弱。因此,人体工程学从业者应谨慎对待仅针对广泛采用的指标来改善人机协作,例如用户的信任和舒适度。相比之下,在协作机器人的行为中引入可变性和适应性可以证明对于防止在自主伙伴中过度依赖和过度信任的负面后果至关重要。这里报道的这项工作探讨了将可变性灌输到物理的人与机器人协作中如何对重复性任务中的人体工程学产生可测量的积极影响。还提供了与“刺激”机器人行为概念相关的原理的回顾,以进一步向人机工程学从业者介绍现有的人机协作框架。
背景:协作机器人,或者协作机器人,由于包括改善工人安全和提高生产率在内的好处,在职业环境中变得无处不在。现有的工业人机协作研究在提高工人心理状态方面取得了进展,通过优化人体工程学风险因素的措施,比如人类的姿势,comfort,和认知工作量。然而,机器人辅助的短期目标可能与工人的长期偏好相冲突,需要,和整体福祉。目的:研究采用协作机器人框架的人体工程学优点和缺点,该框架故意在机器人的行为中施加可变性以刺激人类伴侣的心理物理状态。方法:回顾了人机协作中的“过度帮助”以及通过自适应自动化解决这一现象的方法。在自适应方法中,例如,机器人辅助甚至可能挑战用户更好地实现长期目标,同时与他们的短期任务目标部分冲突。提取了这些方法的共同主题,以激发和支持在物理人机协作中刺激机器人行为的拟议想法。结果:通过人机交接研究提供了证明刺激机器人行为的实验证据。与限制接收器运动的“辅助”策略相比,定期将可变性注入对象转移位置的机器人移交策略导致人体接收器的躯干旋转和质心的动态明显更大。至关重要的是,刺激移交政策还改善了广泛使用的人体工程学风险指标。结论:我们的发现强调了协作机器人的行为在用户的反应行为中施加可变性的潜在人体工程学益处,而不是通过优化当前任务目标来间接限制人类行为。因此,从优化人体工程学瞬时测量的cobot策略到持续吸引用户的策略的过渡,可以在以重复交互为特征的职业环境中实现人机协作。
OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS\"Overassistive\" robots can adversely impact long-term human-robot collaboration in the workplace, leading to risks of worker complacency, reduced workforce skill sets, and diminished situational awareness. Ergonomics practitioners should thus be cautious about solely targeting widely adopted metrics for improving human-robot collaboration, such as user trust and comfort. By contrast, introducing variability and adaptation into a collaborative robot\'s behavior could prove vital in preventing the negative consequences of overreliance and overtrust in an autonomous partner. This work reported here explored how instilling variability into physical human-robot collaboration can have a measurably positive effect on ergonomics in a repetitive task. A review of principles related to this notion of \"stimulating\" robot behavior is also provided to further inform ergonomics practitioners of existing human-robot collaboration frameworks.
Background: Collaborative robots, or cobots, are becoming ubiquitous in occupational settings due to benefits that include improved worker safety and increased productivity. Existing research on human-robot collaboration in industry has made progress in enhancing workers’ psychophysical states, by optimizing measures of ergonomics risk factors, such as human posture, comfort, and cognitive workload. However, short-term objectives for robotic assistance may conflict with the worker’s long-term preferences, needs, and overall wellbeing.Purpose: To investigate the ergonomic advantages and disadvantages of employing a collaborative robotics framework that intentionally imposes variability in the robot’s behavior to stimulate the human partner’s psychophysical state.Methods: A review of “overassistance” within human-robot collaboration and methods of addressing this phenomenon via adaptive automation. In adaptive approaches, the robot assistance may even challenge the user to better achieve a long-term objective while partially conflicting with their short-term task goals. Common themes across these approaches were extracted to motivate and support the proposed idea of stimulating robot behavior in physical human-robot collaboration.Results: Experimental evidence to justify stimulating robot behavior is presented through a human-robot handover study. A robot handover policy that regularly injects variability into the object transfer location led to significantly larger dynamics in the torso rotations and center of mass of human receivers compared to an “overassistive” policy that constrains receiver motion. Crucially, the stimulating handover policy also generated improvements in widely used ergonomics risk indicators of human posture.Conclusions: Our findings underscore the potential ergonomic benefits of a cobot’s actions imposing variability in a user’s responsive behavior, rather than indirectly restricting human behavior by optimizing the immediate task objective. Therefore, a transition from cobot policies that optimize instantaneous measures of ergonomics to those that continuously engage users could hold promise for human-robot collaboration in occupational settings characterized by repeated interactions.