目的:对虚拟现实(VR)仿真技术的现状进行回顾,确定最有可能从中受益的外科教育领域,并确定实施所面临的挑战。
背景:模拟是外科训练中越来越重要的一部分。VR是一个使用模拟技术技能的开发平台,行为技能,以及全世界受训人员和执业外科医生的整个程序。关于技术背后的科学和VR模拟的最有效使用存在问题。为解决这些问题举行了一次专题讨论会。
方法:工程师,教育工作者,和外科医生于2013年11月举行了一次会议,审查了模拟技术背后的背景科学,并为其在实践中的学员和外科医生的教学和认证中的使用制定了指南.
结果:为了使VR模拟在手术中有用,必须克服一些技术挑战。学生的特定领域,居民,并确定了可能从VR中受益的练习外科医生培训和测试:技术技能,团队培训和决策技能,和患者安全,例如在使用电外科设备。
结论:VR模拟有可能成为外科教育课程的重要组成部分,但在很大程度上取决于建立一套商定的目标。研究人员和临床医生必须合作,为有助于实现这些目标的项目分配资金。此处概述的建议应指导进一步研究和实施VR模拟。
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a review of the state of virtual reality (VR) simulation technology, to identify areas of surgical education that have the greatest potential to benefit from it, and to identify challenges to implementation.
BACKGROUND: Simulation is an increasingly important part of surgical training. VR is a developing platform for using simulation to teach technical skills, behavioral skills, and entire procedures to trainees and practicing surgeons worldwide. Questions exist regarding the science behind the technology and most effective usage of VR simulation. A symposium was held to address these issues.
METHODS: Engineers, educators, and surgeons held a conference in November 2013 both to review the background science behind simulation technology and to create guidelines for its use in teaching and credentialing trainees and surgeons in practice.
RESULTS: Several technologic challenges were identified that must be overcome in order for VR simulation to be useful in surgery. Specific areas of student, resident, and practicing surgeon training and testing that would likely benefit from VR were identified: technical skills, team training and decision-making skills, and patient safety, such as in use of electrosurgical equipment.
CONCLUSIONS: VR simulation has the potential to become an essential piece of surgical education curriculum but depends heavily on the establishment of an agreed upon set of goals. Researchers and clinicians must collaborate to allocate funding toward projects that help achieve these goals. The recommendations outlined here should guide further study and implementation of VR simulation.