背景:解剖学涉及人体组织的处理,因此,生物伦理学原则的应用是解剖学实践的核心。在相当长的一段时间内,解剖学是在没有伦理规范的情况下实践的,因为伦理概念在二十世纪下半叶发展起来。因此,过去和现在的解剖学之间的道德标准对比可能被认为是一个有趣的研究主题。
方法:从索引数据库(Medline和Pubmed,Scopus,Embase,CINAHLPlus,WebofScience和GoogleScholar)。从37篇文章中提取相关数据,这些文章是根据研究的搜索标准设置从752篇文章的初始池中选择的。
结果:过去普遍的解剖学实践,例如解剖被处决的罪犯,活体解剖的行为,非法采购遗体,通过对当今既定的伦理规范的棱镜分析,分析了作为战争罪和人类胎儿解剖的一部分而获得的人体组织及其档案。过去的观察是针对当今时代采取的道德规范提出的,例如使用捐赠的身体和/或通过法律手段采购的身体部位进行解剖,在解剖过程中坚持道德规范,要求严格监管和有尊严地处置人类遗骸的人体组织档案。根据对现有趋势的合理判断,确定了现有的环孔,并强调了有关解剖学道德标准的未来前景。
结论:本文根据文献记载的论点,对解剖学伦理学的未来前景进行了辩护。
BACKGROUND: Anatomical sciences involve handling of human tissues and, therefore, application of principles of bioethics is central to anatomical practice. For a considerable period of time, anatomy was practiced without ethical norms as concept of ethics developed during second half of twentieth century. Hence, possible glimpse into contrast in ethical standards between anatomy in the past and present was deemed as an intriguing research theme.
METHODS: A literature search was undertaken from indexed databases (Medline and Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and Google Scholar). Relevant data were extracted from 37 articles that were selected from an initial pool of 752 articles based on search criteria set for the study.
RESULTS: Prevalent anatomical practices in the past such as dissection of executed criminals, acts of vivisection, illegal procurement of human remains, use of human tissues obtained as part of war crimes and dissection of human fetuses as well as their archival were analyzed through prism of established ethical norms in present day. The observations from past were presented vis-à-vis ethical practices undertaken in present times such as use of donated bodies and/or body parts procured through legal means for dissection, adherence to ethical norms during dissection, archival of human tissues mandating stringent regulation and dignified disposal of human remains. Existing loop holes were identified and future prospects regarding ethical standards in anatomy were highlighted based on rational judgment of existing trends.
CONCLUSIONS: The article concludes with defense on future prospects of ethics in anatomy based on documented arguments.