背景:甘草,通过甘草酸(GA)的作用,血压升高(BP)。世界卫生组织建议,每天100毫克GA不太可能引起不良反应,但是在以前发表的13项研究中,没有一项是随机对照的,并独立量化GA含量。
目的:我们的目的是分析每天摄入含100mgGA的甘草对家庭血压的影响。
方法:健康志愿者被随机分配开始使用甘草或对照产品,2x2交叉研究。每天测量家庭血压,在每2周结束时收集血液样本。
结果:有28名参与者,没有辍学。中位年龄为24.0(四分位距22.8-27.0)岁。在甘草与控制期间,家庭收缩压升高,平均(95%置信区间[CI])差异3.1(0.8-5.4)与-0.3(-1.8至1.3)mmHg,P=0.018,肾素和醛固酮被抑制,平均(95%CI)变化-30.0(-56.7至-3.3)vs15.8(-12.8至44.4)%,P=.003,-45.1(-61.5至-28.7)和8.2(-14.7至31.1)%,分别为P<.001。在肾素和醛固酮最明显抑制的参与者的四分位数中,与对照相比,甘草期N末端脑钠肽激素原(NT-ProBNP)升高,平均(95%CI)变化204.1(-11.6至419.7)与72.4(-52.2至197.1)%,P=.016。
结论:我们发现甘草比以前已知的更有效,随着血压的显著增加,每天只摄入100毫克的GA。因此,这种物质的安全摄入量可能需要重新考虑。
背景:NCT05661721,https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05661721。
Licorice, through the effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), raises blood pressure (BP). The World Health Organization has suggested that 100 mg GA/d would be unlikely to cause adverse effects, but of 13 previously published studies none have been randomized and controlled and independently quantified the GA content.
Our aim was to analyze the effects on home BP of a daily licorice intake containing 100 mg GA.
Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to start with either licorice or a control product in a nonblinded, 2 × 2 crossover study. Home BP was measured daily, and blood samples were collected at the end of each 2-wk period.
There were 28 participants and no dropouts. The median age was 24.0 y (interquartile range 22.8-27.0 y). During the licorice compared with control intake period, the systolic home BP increased [mean difference: 3.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8, 5.4 mm Hg) compared with -0.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -1.8, 1.3 mm Hg); P = 0.018] and renin and aldosterone were suppressed [mean change: -30.0% (95% CI: -56.7%, -3.3%) compared with 15.8% (95% CI: -12.8%, 44.4%); P = 0.003; and -45.1% (95% CI: -61.5%, -28.7%) compared with 8.2% (95% CI: -14.7%, 31.1%); P <0.001, respectively]. In the quartile of participants with the most pronounced suppression of renin and aldosterone, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide concentration increased during the licorice compared with control period [mean change: 204.1% (95% CI: -11.6%, 419.7%) compared with 72.4% (95% CI: -52.2%, 197.1%); P = 0.016].
We found licorice to be more potent than previously known, with significant increases in BP, after a daily intake of only 100 mg GA. Thus, the safe limit of intake of this substance might need to be reconsidered. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05661721 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05661721).