背景:适当的花发育对于植物繁殖至关重要,植物生命周期的一个关键方面。这个过程涉及精确协调转录因子,酶,和表观遗传修饰。DNA甲基化,一种普遍存在的可遗传的表观遗传机制,在调节基因表达和塑造染色质结构方面至关重要。苦参显示抗高血压,抗糖尿病,抗炎,心脏保护,肝脏保护,和神经保护特性。然而,在F.esculentum中观察到的异形异样对育种工作构成了重大挑战。F.tataricum对高海拔和干旱等恶劣天气条件具有更好的抵抗力,弗罗斯特,UV-B辐射损伤,和害虫。此外,F.tataricum含有明显较高水平的芦丁和其他酚类物质,更多的类黄酮,与普通荞麦相比,氨基酸分布平衡,被认为是功能性食品,使其成为功能性食品应用的优秀候选者。
结果:本研究旨在比较海参的Pin和Thrum花成分之间的DNA甲基化谱。与那些自育的刺槐物种一样,了解这种表观遗传机制在苦参花发育中的潜在作用。值得注意的是,F.tataricum花小于F.esculentum(Pin和Thrum变体)。开发的开放花成分中DNA甲基化水平的下降,如花瓣,柱头和胚珠,在两个物种中都是一致的,除了Thrum变体中的胚珠.相反,Pin和Tartary胚珠的DNA甲基化水平略有下降。在封闭花朵的Pin柱头中观察到最高的DNA甲基化水平,最大的减少是开放花的Pin柱头。在反对中,开放花的蜜腺比封闭花的蜜腺表现出更高的DNA甲基化水平。DNA甲基化的减少可能与编码甲基转移酶的基因的下调相对应。
结论:在两个物种的完全开放的花中,总DNA甲基化和与这些表观遗传标记相关的基因表达降低可能表明去甲基化是激活花发育相关基因表达所必需的。
BACKGROUND: Proper flower development is essential for plant reproduction, a crucial aspect of the plant life cycle. This process involves precisely coordinating transcription factors, enzymes, and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, a ubiquitous and heritable epigenetic mechanism, is pivotal in regulating gene expression and shaping chromatin structure. Fagopyrum esculentum demonstrates anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, and neuroprotective properties. However, the heteromorphic
heterostyly observed in F. esculentum poses a significant challenge in breeding efforts. F. tataricum has better resistance to high altitudes and harsh weather conditions such as drought, frost, UV-B radiation damage, and pests. Moreover, F. tataricum contains significantly higher levels of rutin and other phenolics, more flavonoids, and a balanced amino acid profile compared to common buckwheat, being recognised as functional food, rendering it an excellent candidate for functional food applications.
RESULTS: This study aimed to compare the DNA methylation profiles between the Pin and Thrum flower components of F. esculentum, with those of self-fertile species of F. tataricum, to understand the potential role of this epigenetic mechanism in Fagopyrum floral development. Notably, F. tataricum flowers are smaller than those of F. esculentum (Pin and Thrum morphs). The decline in DNA methylation levels in the developed open flower components, such as petals, stigmas and ovules, was consistent across both species, except for the ovule in the Thrum morph. Conversely, Pin and Tartary ovules exhibited a minor decrease in DNA methylation levels. The highest DNA methylation level was observed in Pin stigma from closed flowers, and the most significant decrease was in Pin stigma from open flowers. In opposition, the nectaries of open flowers exhibited higher levels of DNA methylation than those of closed flowers. The decrease in DNA methylation might correspond with the downregulation of genes encoding methyltransferases.
CONCLUSIONS: Reduced overall DNA methylation and the expression of genes associated with these epigenetic markers in fully opened flowers of both species may indicate that demethylation is necessary to activate the expression of genes involved in floral development.