从简单的藻类到最先进的被子植物,草酸钙(CaOx)晶体(CRs)存在于大多数光合生物的分类组中。各种研究表明,这种生物矿化不是简单或随机的事件,而是钙摄取之间的遗传调节协调。草酸盐(OX)合成和,有时,环境压力。当然,CaOxCR的出现是古老的;然而,与它们的起源有关的问题,生物合成,意义和遗传学表现出强大的进化。此外,它们在批量钙调节中的推测作用,重金属/OX解毒,光反射和光合作用,防止放牧和食草,除了其他特点,正在获得很多兴趣。因此,必须了解它们的合成和调节与所赋予的关键功能有关,以重建未来的观点,利用它们的潜力在预期的全球气候扰动中实现营养和抗虫作物。这篇综述批判性地阐述了起源(和回收)的基本和不断发展的概念,合成,意义,植物(和土壤)中CaOxCR的各种功能方面的调节和命运。总的来说,见解和概念性的未来方向将它们作为潜在的生物矿物来解决未来气候驱动的问题。
From simple algal forms to the most advanced angiosperms, calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals (CRs) occur in the majority of taxonomic groups of photosynthetic organisms. Various studies have demonstrated that this biomineralization is not a simple or random event but a genetically regulated coordination between calcium uptake, oxalate (OX) synthesis and, sometimes, environmental stresses. Certainly, the occurrence of CaOx CRs is old; however, questions related to their genesis, biosynthesis, significance and genetics exhibit robust evolution. Moreover, their speculated roles in bulk calcium regulation, heavy metal/OX detoxification, light reflectance and photosynthesis, and protection against grazing and herbivory, besides other characteristics, are gaining much interest. Thus, it is imperative to understand their synthesis and regulation in relation to the ascribed key functions to reconstruct future perspectives in harnessing their potential to achieve nutritious and pest-resistant crops amid anticipated global climatic perturbations. This review critically addresses the basic and evolving concepts of the origin (and recycling), synthesis, significance, regulation and fate vis-à-vis various functional aspects of CaOx CRs in plants (and soil). Overall, insights and conceptual future directions present them as potential biominerals to address future climate-driven issues.