背景:尽管医疗保健人员(HCP)是流感疫苗接种的目标,但他们通常未充分利用疫苗,尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家。我们探索知识,态度,以及HCP关于季节性流感疫苗(SIV)的实践,以确定与SIV摄取相关的因素和可改变的障碍。
方法:我们汇集了2018-2020年期间在12个低收入和中等收入国家的卫生工作者中进行的SIV横断面调查的个人水平数据(即,阿尔巴尼亚,亚美尼亚,科特迪瓦,肯尼亚,吉尔吉斯斯坦,老挝,黎巴嫩,摩洛哥,北马其顿,突尼斯,塔吉克斯坦,和乌干达)。11个国家使用基于健康信念模型的标准协议和问卷来衡量对流感疾病易感性和严重程度的看法,的好处,障碍,和疫苗接种的动机。我们分析了HCP之间的态度和看法,包括为自己接受疫苗和愿意向患者推荐疫苗,按是否有国家流感疫苗接种计划分组。针对地理区域调整了模型。
结果:我们的分析包括来自12个国家的10,281个HCP,代表世界卫生组织六个地区中的四个:非洲,东地中海,欧洲,和西太平洋。样本分布在低收入(LIC)(3,183,31%),中下层(LMIC)(4,744,46%),和中高收入(UMIC)(2354个,23%)国家。分析中包括的国家中有一半(50%)在数据收集的前一年和前一年报告了HCP中的SIV使用情况,而其余国家则没有针对HCP的流感疫苗接种计划。百分之七十四(6,341)的HCP报告说,如果免费提供疫苗,他们愿意接种疫苗。LIC的HCP愿意为SIV支付价格,SIV占其国家人均年度卫生支出的比例更高(6.26%[四分位数范围,IQR:3.13-12.52])与LMICs和UMICs中的HCP相比。与具有SIV计划的国家的HCP相比,没有SIV计划的国家的HCP也愿意为SIV支付更高的百分比(5.01%[IQR:2.24-8.34])。.我们分析中的大多数(85%)HCP会向患者推荐疫苗,那些愿意为自己接受疫苗的患者推荐疫苗的可能性是其患者的3倍(OR3.1[95%CI1·8,5·2]).
结论:增加HCP中SIV的摄取可以通过增加HCP向患者推荐疫苗的可能性来扩大疫苗接种的积极影响。提高疫苗摄入量的成功战略包括卫生当局的明确指导,基于行为改变模型的干预措施,免费获得疫苗。
BACKGROUND: Although healthcare personnel (HCP) are targeted for influenza vaccination they typically underutilize vaccines especially in low- and middle-income countries. We explored knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCP about seasonal influenza vaccines (SIV) to identify factors associated with and modifiable barriers to SIV uptake.
METHODS: We pooled individual-level data from cross-sectional surveys about SIV conducted among health workers in 12 low- and middle- income countries during 2018-2020 (i.e., Albania, Armenia, Cote d\'Ivoire, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Morocco, North Macedonia, Tunisia, Tajikistan, and Uganda). Eleven countries used a standard protocol and questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model to measure perceptions of susceptibility and severity of influenza disease, benefits of, barriers to, and motivators for vaccination. We analyzed attitudes and perceptions among HCP, including acceptance of vaccine for themselves and willingness to recommend vaccines to patients, grouped by the presence/absence of a national influenza vaccination program. Models were adjusted for geographic region.
RESULTS: Our analysis included 10,281 HCP from 12 countries representing four of the six World Health Organization regions: African, Eastern Mediterranean, European, and Western Pacific. The sample was distributed across low income (LIC) (3,183, 31 %), lower-middle (LMIC) (4,744, 46 %), and upper-middle income (UMIC) (2,354, 23 %) countries. Half (50 %) of the countries included in the analysis reported SIV use among HCP in both the year of and the year preceding data collection while the remainder had no influenza vaccination program for HCP. Seventy-four percent (6,341) of HCP reported that they would be willing to be vaccinated if the vaccine was provided free of charge. HCP in LICs were willing to pay prices for SIV representing a higher percentage of their country\'s annual health expenditure per capita (6.26 % [interquartile range, IQR: 3.13-12.52]) compared to HCP in LMICs and UMICs. HCP in countries with no SIV program were also willing to pay a higher percentage for SIV (5.01 % [IQR: 2.24-8.34]) compared to HCP in countries with SIV programs.. Most (85 %) HCP in our analysis would recommend vaccines to their patients, and those who would accept vaccines for themselves were 3 times more likely to recommend vaccines to their patients (OR 3.1 [95 % CI 1·8, 5·2]).
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing uptake of SIV among HCP can amplify positive impacts of vaccination by increasing the likelihood that HCP recommend vaccines to their patients. Successful strategies to achieve increased uptake of vaccines include clear guidance from health authorities, interventions based on behavior change models, and access to vaccine free-of-charge.