越来越多的城市固体废物焚烧(MSWI)工厂释放的有害空气污染物(HAP)在中国引起了极大的关注。然而,仍然迫切需要全面了解它们的发射特性,特别是在对MSWI实施更严格的排放限制之后。在这项研究中,通过整合详细的工厂级活动数据和更新的本地排放因子,专门建立了2006-2017年期间中国MSWI工厂排放的HAP的全面历史排放清单。总的来说,HAP排放量最初随着年份的增长而增加,随后在2014年达到峰值或放缓增长,但2016年后趋于平稳,原因是中国大陆实施了新修订的国家排放标准(GB18485-2014),并对多个省市实施了更严格的地方标准。据估计,总共有50,716吨(t)的NOx,13,026吨CO,7988吨SO2,4399吨PM,1943吨HCl,9916kgPb,5901kg的Mn,4805kg的Cu,3574kgCr,3329公斤镍,2154千克汞,1168公斤Cd,862千克砷,409千克的Co,216公斤Sb,13公斤的Tl,2017年,分散在中国大陆30个省的337个MSWI工厂分别排放了19g多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃的毒性当量。HAP排放主要集中在沿海发达省市。情景分析强调了不断改进和升级先进的空气污染控制设备和MSWI管理的重要性,以满足未来的超低排放限值,并最大程度地减少HAP对大气环境和公共卫生的有害影响。
The Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) released from increasing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants have drawn great concerns in China. However, a full picture of their emission characteristics is still urgently needed, especially after the implementation of stricter emission limits on MSWI. In this study, a comprehensive historical emission inventory of HAPs emitted from MSWI plants in China during the period of 2006-2017 was dedicatedly established by integrating with detailed plant-level activity data and renewed localized emission factors. Overall, HAPs emissions initially increased with years, then peaked or slowed increase in the year 2014, but leveled off after 2016 due to the gradually and fully implementing of newly revised national emission standard (GB18485-2014) applied to mainland China and much stricter local standards for several provinces and cities. It was estimated that totally 50,716 tons (t) of NOx, 13,026 t of CO, 7988 t of SO2, 4399 t of PM, 1943 t of HCl, 9916 kg of Pb, 5901 kg of Mn, 4805 kg of Cu, 3574 kg of Cr, 3329 kg of Ni, 2154 kg of Hg, 1168 kg of Cd, 862 kg of As, 409 kg of Co, 216 kg of Sb, 13 kg of Tl, and 19 g toxic equivalent quantity of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans were emitted from 337 MSWI plants scattered in 30 provinces of mainland China in 2017, respectively. HAPs emissions were heavily concentrated in developed coastal provinces and cities. Scenario analysis highlighted the importance of continuous improvement and upgrade on advanced air pollution control devices and MSWI management to meet the future ultra-low emission limits and minimize the harmful impacts of HAPs on atmospheric environment and public health.