UNASSIGNED: Fat distribution plays an important role in impaired glucose tolerance. Android adiposity (ANDROID) and gynoid adiposity (GYNOID) have been proven to be linked with insulin resistance. A higher risk of sarcopenia is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, ANDROID, GYNOID, and ANDROID to GYNOID ratios (A/G ratios) were evaluated in T2DM patients to determine if they were associated with sarcopenia.
UNASSIGNED: We recruited 1086 T2DM patients, measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), ANDROID, GYNOID, and collected clinical data.
UNASSIGNED: T2DM patients with 119 male subjects had sarcopenia (20.24%), and 72 female subjects had sarcopenia (16.51%). All patients with T2DM who had high ANDROID and A/G ratios were at a reduced risk of sarcopenia. The SMI showed a correlation with ANDROID and A/G ratios among subjects with T2DM.
UNASSIGNED: ANDROID and A/G ratios are inversely related to sarcopenia in T2DM patients.

BACKGROUND: Being overweight or obese has become a serious public health concern, and accurate assessment of body composition is particularly important. More precise indicators of body fat composition include visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and total body fat percentage (TBF%). Study objectives included examining the relationships between abdominal fat mass, measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and the whole-body and regional fat masses, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as well as to derive equations for the prediction of TBF% using data obtained from multiple QCT slices.
METHODS: Whole-body and regional fat percentage were quantified using DXA in Chinese males (n = 68) and females (n = 71) between the ages of 24 and 88. All the participants also underwent abdominal QCT measurement, and their VAT mass and visceral fat volume (VFV) were assessed using QCT and DXA, respectively.
RESULTS: DXA-derived TBF% closely correlated with QCT abdominal fat percentage (r = 0.89-0.93 in men and 0.76-0.88 in women). Stepwise regression showed that single-slice QCT data were the best predictors of DXA-derived TBF%, DXA android fat percentage and DXA gynoid fat percentage. Cross-validation analysis showed that TBF% and android fat percentage could be accurately predicted using QCT data in both sexes. There were close correlations between QCT-derived and DXA-derived VFV (r = 0.97 in men and 0.93 in women).
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians can assess the TBF% and android and gynoid fat percentages of Chinese women and men by analysing existing abdominal CT-derived data using the QCT technique.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, dysfunction, access to health care, health-care costs, and reduced quality of life. Therefore, preventing osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) is important. Secondary OVCFs often occur after the first OVCF.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify risk factors for a second OVCF after a first OVCF.
METHODS: Retrospective observational study.
METHODS: One hundred seventy-eight patients from a single institution who had their first OVCF between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019 were enrolled in this study.
METHODS: The following data were observed for all cases: patient demographics, bone mineral density, and pelvic parameters.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients from a single institution who had their first OVCF between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019. Demographic factors, medication (oral bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, denosumab), bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), fat, and muscle amount of the trunk using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and pelvic parameters (lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis) were investigated.
RESULTS: Of 178 patients who had an OVCF, 68 (38.2%) had a second OVCF. Patients were followed up for >2 years and wore braces for an average of 6 months. The mean age was 71.9±8.63 years, mean BMD T-score was -3.1±1.09, and mean BMI was 23.3±2.96. Comparing those with and without a second OVCF, the smaller the BMD T-score and trunk muscle mass to fat ratio, the more likely a second OVCF occurred (p<.05). There were fewer second OVCF cases in the injection medication group than in the peroral group (p<.05). There were no significant differences in radiologic parameters between these groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had a second OVCF had an average of 21.3 months after the first OVCF. Risk factors for a second OVCF are low T-scores in the femur, and low M/F ratio of the trunk, android, and gynoid regions. For patients with an OVCF, injection medications may be advisable.

Bariatric surgery induces weight loss but its acute and longer-term effects on body composition (BC) are largely unknown.
To determine the BC changes in obese French patients after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at 1 and 12 months.
Obesity Reference Center, University Hospital of Montpellier, France.
Whole and localized BC (lean tissue mass [LTM] and fat mass [FM]) and abdominal adiposity, including total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 30 obese patients (25 women, 83.3%) just before SG and 1 and 12 months later.
The mean weight loss was -9.7 ± 2.6 kg at 1 month and -32.1 ± 10.3 kg at 12 months. This weight loss was due to an equivalent decrease in LTM and FM in the acute phase, while FM loss appeared to be the main cause in the chronic phase. For each component (LTM and FM), the loss was relatively homogeneous across sites. Compared with the presurgical values, android and gynoid tissue and total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue changed significantly over the 12-month period. No basal clinical parameter was predictive of the variation in LTM, whereas age and the whole-body LTM/FM ratio were associated with the decrease in FM.
This study demonstrates that SG induces a clear modification in BC, characterized by a decrease in LTM in the acute phase and sustained FM loss in the first year. These results suggest that the early phase should be targeted for strategies to reduce LTM loss, which is a longer-term weight-regain criterion. Further studies to investigate the potential advantages of visceral adipose tissue compared with whole-body FM for improving post-SG co-morbidities should be performed.

Gynoid lipodystrophy (GLD) is a structural, inflammatory, and biochemical disorder of the subcutaneous tissue causing alterations in the topography of the skin. Commonly known as \"cellulite,\" GLD affects up to 90% of women, practically in all stages of the life cycle, beginning in puberty. It is a clinical condition that considerably affects the patients\' quality of life. It is a frequent reason for consultation, although the patients resort to empirical, improvised, nonevidence-based treatments which discourage and can be a source of frustration not only because of the lack of results but also due to the complications derived from those treatments. In this article, a panel of experts from different specialties involved in the management of this clinical skin disorder presents the results of a systematic literature search and of the consensus discussion of the evidence obtained from different treatments currently available. The analysis was divided into topical, systemic, noninvasive, and minimally invasive treatments.

BACKGROUND: Increased visceral adiposity is strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little attention has been paid to the association between the change in subcutaneous adipose mass and the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate whether increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (gynoid fat mass) could be protective against the progression of NAFLD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of 294 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (65 ± 10 years old, 40% female). Liver attenuation index (LAI) measured by abdominal computed tomography was used for the assessment of hepatic steatosis. Both gynoid (kg) and android (kg) fat masses were measured by the whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One-year changes in LAI, gynoid, and android fat masses were evaluated in both male and female patients. Linear regression analysis with a stepwise procedure was used for the statistical analyses to investigate the association of the changes in gynoid and android fat masses with the change in LAI.
RESULTS: LAI levels at baseline were 1.15 ± 0.31 and 1.10 ± 0.34 in female and male patients (p = 0.455). The change in gynoid fat mass was significantly and positively associated with the change in LAI in both univariate (standardized β 0.331, p = 0.049) and multivariate (standardized β 0.360, p = 0.016) models in the female patients. However, no significant association was observed in males. In contrast, the increase in android fat mass was significantly associated with the reduced LAI in both genders in the multivariate models (standardized β -0.651, p < 0.001 in females and standardized β -0.519, p = 0.042 in males).
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that increased gynoid fat mass may be protective against the progression of NAFLD in female Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.