结直肠癌(CRC)是影响人类的最普遍的癌症之一,具有复杂的遗传和环境病因。与已知环境的癌症不同,可遗传,或者与性别相关的原因,散发性CRC很难预测,并且在临床应用中没有具有风险的分子生物标志物.二十个CRC病例中有一个具有既定的可遗传成分。其余病例是散发性的,与部分模糊的遗传有关,表观遗传,再生,微生物,饮食,和生活方式因素。为了解决这种复杂性,我们应该改进结肠镜检查的做法,建议统一超过一定年龄,包括对指示个体CRC风险的生物标志物的评估。理想情况下,这类生物标志物将导致该疾病,并且在饮食或治疗干预下可能会改变.多组学分析,包括转录,表观遗传以及宏基因组,和代谢组学概况,迫切需要为风险分析提供数据。本文的目的是提供一个视角,对导致CRC启动的体内平衡的多因素脱轨,这可以通过多组学和芯片肠道分析来探索,以确定急需的预测性生物标志物。
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.