研究表明,视觉短期记忆(VSTM)是一种连续资源,可以使用指示测试可能性的概率线索灵活分配(即,目标导向的注意力优先于这些项目)。先前使用同步提示的研究没有检查超出两个不同优先级的这种灵活分配。此外,以前的研究没有研究灵活分配VSTM资源的能力是否存在个体差异,以及这种能力是否从实践中受益。当前的研究使用了连续的报告程序来检查参与者是否可以使用多达三个级别的注意力优先级来通过同时的概率空间线索分配VSTM资源。以不同的优先级进行了三个实验,提示,和提示演示时间。集团级分析证明了VSTM资源的灵活分配;然而,有有限的证据表明参与者可以使用三个目标导向的优先级别.时间分析表明任务疲劳,而不是实践效果,可以与项目优先级交互。贝叶斯个体差异分析显示,少数参与者使用了三个注意优先级别,证明了这一点,虽然可能,这不是主要的行为模式。因此,我们提供的证据表明,在少数参与者的同时提示条件下,可以灵活分配三个注意力水平.对三个类别的灵活分配可以解释为高绩效参与者的技能,类似于高内存容量。
Studies suggest that visual short-term memory (VSTM) is a continuous resource that can be flexibly allocated using probabilistic cues that indicate test likelihood (i.e., goal-directed attentional priority to those items). Previous studies using simultaneous cues have not examined this flexible allocation beyond two distinct levels of priority. Moreover, previous studies have not examined whether there are individual differences in the ability to flexibly allocate VSTM resources, as well as whether this ability benefits from practice. The current study used a continuous report procedure to examine whether participants can use up to three levels of attentional priority to allocate VSTM resources via simultaneous probabilistic spatial cues. Three experiments were performed with differing priority levels, cues, and cue presentation times. Group level analysis demonstrated flexible allocation of VSTM resources; however, there was limited evidence that participants could use three goal-directed priority levels. A temporal analysis suggested that task fatigue, rather than practice effects, may interact with item priority. A Bayesian individual-differences analysis revealed that a minority of participants were using three levels of attentional priority, demonstrating that, while possible, it is not the predominant pattern of behaviour. Thus, we provided evidence that flexible allocation to three attention levels is possible under simultaneous cuing conditions for a minority of participants. Flexible allocation to three categories may be interpreted as a skill of high-performing participants akin to high memory capacity.