表面活性剂具有多种生物活性,比如抑制植物病害,抵抗细菌,真菌,病毒,肿瘤,支原体,防粘连,等。在农业生物防治中具有巨大的应用潜力,临床医学治疗,环境治理等领域。然而,低产量一直是其推广应用的瓶颈。了解表面活性肽的合成路线和控制策略对提高其收率和纯度非常重要。在本文中,基于表面活性素的生物合成途径和调节因子,对其生物合成调控策略进行了全面总结,涉及增加内源性和外源性前体供应,修饰脂链和肽链的合成途径,改善分泌和外排,操纵一些全球监管因素,比如Spo0A,Abrb,ComQXP,phrCSF,等。直接或间接刺激表面活性素合成。并简述了目前表面活性素的生产和分离纯化工艺。该综述也为促进表面活性肽的生产及其在各个领域的应用提供了科学参考。
Surfactin has many biological activities, such as inhibiting plant diseases, resisting bacteria, fungi, viruses, tumors, mycoplasma, anti-adhesion, etc. It has great application potential in agricultural biological control, clinical medical treatment, environmental treatment and other fields. However, the low yield has been the bottleneck of its popularization and application. It is very important to understand the synthesis route and control strategy of surfactin to improve its yield and purity. In this paper, based on the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory factors of surfactin, its biosynthesis regulation strategy was comprehensively summarized, involving enhancement of endogenous and exogenous precursor supply, modification of the synthesis pathway of lipid chain and peptide chain, improvement of secretion and efflux, and manipulation some global regulatory factors, such as Spo0A, AbrB, ComQXP, phrCSF, etc. to directly or indirectly stimulate surfactin synthesis. And the current production and separation and purification process of surfactin are briefly described. This review also provides a scientific reference for promoting surfactin production and its applications in various fields.