在四足动物中,肩胛骨和骨盆带的重要功能是将四肢固定在身体的躯干上,并促进每个附件的运动。这个共享功能,然而,是肩胛骨和骨盆之间相对较少的相似之处之一,它们的形态明显不同,进化史,胚胎起源,和潜在的遗传途径。肩胛骨在骨盆之前在无颚的鱼中进化,它的胚胎发育在骨骼中是独一无二的,因为它来自多个祖细胞群,包括子宫内膜组织,躯体化,和神经脊。相反,数百万年后,骨盆在下颚鱼中进化,它是从胚胎的躯体胸膜细胞群发展而来的。控制骨盆和肩胛骨形成的遗传网络也具有相似性和差异性,许多基因只塑造一个或另一个,而其他基因产物,如PBX转录因子充当两种腰带结构的分层发育调节因子。这里,我们对四足动物骨盆和肩胛骨形成的细胞过程和遗传网络进行了详细的回顾,同时还强调了关于腰带进化和发展的悬而未决的问题。
In tetrapods, the scapular and pelvic girdles perform the important function of anchoring the limbs to the trunk of the body and facilitating the movement of each appendage. This shared function, however, is one of relatively few similarities between the scapula and pelvis, which have significantly different morphologies, evolutionary histories, embryonic origins, and underlying genetic pathways. The scapula evolved in jawless fish prior to the pelvis, and its embryonic development is unique among bones in that it is derived from multiple progenitor cell populations, including the dermomyotome, somatopleure, and neural crest. Conversely, the pelvis evolved several million years later in jawed fish, and it develops from an embryonic somatopleuric cell population. The genetic networks controlling the formation of the pelvis and scapula also share similarities and differences, with a number of genes shaping only one or the other, while other gene products such as PBX transcription factors act as hierarchical developmental regulators of both
girdle structures. Here, we provide a detailed review of the cellular processes and genetic networks underlying pelvis and scapula formation in tetrapods, while also highlighting unanswered questions about
girdle evolution and development.