Here, we report the case of recurrent swelling and pain in the proximal interphalangeal joint of the left ring finger, which was later diagnosed as a localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor in a young adult female. The first presentation was at the same anatomical site four years prior. Examination at presentation showed a firm skin-colored nodule in the volar aspect of the left ring finger. The swelling was seen to be partly attached to underlying structures and was non-tender. After a careful physical examination and plain radiograph imaging of the hand, the two differential diagnoses considered were tenosynovial giant cell tumor and ganglion cyst. A surgical excision was performed, and histopathologic evaluation showed features consistent with a tenosynovial giant cell tumor, localized type. The resection margins were clear of tumor. The patient had no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Postoperative physiotherapy was recommended. No recurrence was seen after postoperative surgical follow-up for one year. This report highlights the importance of histopathologic evaluation and confirmation of clear surgical margins in the management of tenosynovial giant cell tumors. In recurrent cases, surgical re-excision with clear margins provides good clinical outcomes. Before surgical excision, patients should be informed about the biologic nature of the lesion and the high risk of recurrence. The management modalities to prevent recurrence and the need for long-term follow-up should also be discussed with the patient.

BACKGROUND:  Bone tumors remain a formidable challenge for orthopedic surgeons. In developing countries, the challenge is exacerbated by limited diagnostic, therapeutic, and management facilities and ignorance. Patients with upper and lower-extremity muscle and skeletal tumors are candidates for amputation or surgical rescue of the limbs. Traditionally, limb rescue surgery by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is the preferred surgery method for localized carcinoma. Amputations are usually reserved for patients with increased tumor size. The purpose of this study is to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical disability, focusing on surgical care, gender, and age, in adolescent and young adult survivors of malignant bone tumors treated surgically.
METHODS:  This cross-sectional study consists of 38 long-term survivors who underwent amputation or limb-salvage surgery at King George\'s Medical University, Lucknow, from 2019 to 2022. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent, 38 patients which included 26 patients treated with limb salvage in Group A and 12 patients treated with amputation in Group B were included in the study. The SF-36 and HUI3 scores were used to assess the functional outcome and health-related QoL of these patients.
RESULTS:  After minimal six months of interventions, we have found a significant improvement in all the following factors: physical functioning (P=0.000), role limitations due to physical health (P=0.000) and emotional problems (P=0.001), energy/fatigue (P=0.000), emotional well-being (P=0.000), social functioning (P=0.000), pain (P=0.000), and general health (P=0.000). Group A showed a higher degree of significance than Group B through SF-36 (Short Form-36, patient-reported outcome), whereas HUI-3 did not show any significant outcomes (P=0.347).
CONCLUSIONS:  The overall quality of life of patients with salvaged limbs appears to be higher than that of the quality of life of amputee patients in tumor survivor patients. Further analyses must be carried out to verify the results and focus on areas that have a major impact on the overall quality of life using other assessment tools. The impact of therapy on the quality of life depends on maintaining the necessary structures for functional functions, adjusting patient expectations to cancer treatments, and designing long-term rehabilitation programs to support functional functions.

UNASSIGNED: Conventional surgical treatment for metacarpal giant cell tumours (GCTs) includes lesion scraping followed by bone grafting or bone cement filling and en bloc resection followed by repair and reconstruction using a vascularised bone flap. However, these methods have inherent shortcomings, including a high postoperative recurrence rate and poor mechanical stability. 3D-printing techniques are increasingly being applied in medicine, and 3D-printed personalised prostheses have achieved good clinical effects in orthopaedic repair and reconstruction. We aimed to investigate the clinical effects of 3D-printed personalised prostheses for bone defect repair and reconstruction following resection of metacarpal GCTs.
UNASSIGNED: Three patients with metacarpal GCTs were examined in a retrospective cohort study. Through preoperative planning, a 3D-printed personalised prosthesis was designed and created for bone defect repair and reconstruction after tumour resection. Prosthesis fit, limb function, pain on the affected side, and the occurrence of complications were evaluated postoperatively.
UNASSIGNED: Postoperative X-ray examination revealed a satisfactory fit of the 3D-printed prosthesis in terms of bone defect size and overall metacarpal shape, as well as good transverse and longitudinal metacarpal arches. The patients also exhibited good function in the affected limb, with good flexion and extension functions in the carpal, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints, plus the absence of obvious pain, tumour recurrence, and complications such as pathologic fractures and prosthetic loosening.
UNASSIGNED: When using a 3D-printed personalised prosthesis for bone defect repair and reconstruction following resection of metacarpal GCTs, a good fit with the bone defect can be achieved during prosthetic installation when preoperative planning and design have been adequately performed. Therefore, three-dimensionally printed personalised prostheses can serve as an effective method for the treatment of metacarpal GCTs.

Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) is a rare benign, osteolytic, pseudocystic solitary localized lesion. The lesion is common in skeletal structure but not as common in craniofacial skeleton. They are composed of sinusoidal and vascular spaces filled with blood and surrounded by fibrous tissue septa. There is a controversy as to whether it is a distinct radiological and pathological entity or a pathological change superimposed on a preexisting lesion. We present a case of a 19 year old female patient who reported with swelling and pain in the right mandible associated with pain and gradual increase in size since 4 years. On the radiographic study expansive, multilocular lesion extending to right coronoid process was observed. Incisional biopsy showed the lesion to be a dental cyst, however, enucleation with curettage of the cyst confirmed it to be GCT. GCT are non neoplastic but locally aggressive tumors with occasional rapid growth that may be differentiated from other multilocular lesions like ameloblastoma, giant cell granuloma and sarcomas. There have been reports which have appeared regarding its pathogenesis, response to treatment. However many questions remain regarding its treatment and prognosis.