OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the facial characteristics of edentulous older adults who underwent rehabilitation using complete dentures, and to compare them with dentate individuals.
BACKGROUND: Edentulism rehabilitation with complete dentures aims to restore occlusion and facial aesthetics.
METHODS: The study included 102 edentulous participants needing prosthodontic rehabilitation with complete dentures and 30 with a natural dentition (aged >65). The 3D facial scans were performed using an Artec optical scanner. Superficial facial landmarks were identified, and 16 parameters were calculated. Regional analysis with the superimposition of two scans was used to calculate the average distances and percentage of non-matching surfaces in the 11 regions. Paired and independent t-tests (α = .05) were used to test for group differences, as appropriate.
RESULTS: After rehabilitation with complete dentures, facial changes were most noticeable in the perioral region: wider rima oris, longer upper lip, wider upper vermilion, and more protruded profile. The comparison of facial regions without and with dentures showed fuller and curvier cheeks, with no direct influence of dentures. The edentulous faces with dentures appeared shorter and more retruded than those of dentate individuals. A narrower lower vermilion, retruded upper lip, and more flattened facial profile were observed in females with dentures than in their dentate peers.
CONCLUSIONS: Besides the expected positive influence of rehabilitation with complete dentures on facial appearance in the perioral region, there are some unexpected changes, such as fuller cheeks, but there is still deficiency in vertical facial dimensions and a more flattened facial profile.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the quality of nutritional uptake of the care-dependent, community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS: Community-dwelling care-dependent elders were recruited in this study. The food items along with their nutritional content were extracted from the participants\' refrigerators and categorized according to the NOVA classification (G1: unprocessed/minimally processed; G2: processed culinary ingredients; G3: processed; G4: ultra-processed). The nutritional information of the food items was entered into a dietary analysis software that analyzed the content. Data was verified for a normal distribution and non-parametric tests were applied for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: 100 subjects (mean age = 81.1±9.5 y; mean MMSE: 26.6±6.8) participated in this study. The participants had significantly more G1 than G2, G3 or G4 (p < 0.001) foods. Women had more G1 items in their refrigerators than men (rs = 0.372, p < 0.001). Higher socio-economic status indicated a presence of more G1 (rs = 0.313, p = 0.002), G2 (rs = 0.342, p < 0.001) and G4 (rs = 0.237, p = 0.024) foods. Higher cognitive scores revealed an increase in presence of G4 (rs = 0.238, p = 0.023) items. Participants with an increased need for assistance had less G2 (rs = -0.332, p = 0.001), and G4 (rs = -0.215, p = 0.041) foods; age had no influence.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study confirm that the majority of care-dependent, community-dwelling adults procured healthy dietary aliments for their daily living; however, whether this correlated to the actual nutritional state of these older adults needs to be further investigated. This highlights the need for further investigation and tailored interventions to ensure good nutrition, emphasizing regular assessments and comprehensive support beyond just food access.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must recognize that access to healthy food alone may not ensure good nutrition in older adults. Regular nutritional assessments, personalized dietary interventions, and additional support services like meal preparation assistance, nutritional counseling, and tailored programs are essential to address specific dietary needs and preferences.

OBJECTIVE: Ageism among pre-doctoral and graduate dental students may reduce their propensity to provide dental treatment to elderly patients leading to substandard healthcare for this population. This study evaluated the impact of perceived ageism constructs and geriatric dentistry education on the intention of pre-doctoral and graduate students to provide dental care for elderly patients.
METHODS: A questionnaire was applied to collect the data for this cross-sectional study from pre-doctoral students in their clinical years and graduate students in their internship year (N = 201). A total of 183 completed responses were received, and the response rate was 91%. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the incremental effects of perceived ageism constructs and geriatric dentistry education on the intention to provide dental care for elderly patients.
RESULTS: Geriatric dental education (B = 0.328, t = 3.826, p < 0.001) and patients\' low compliance (B = 0.503, t = 4.658, p < 0.001) were significantly positive predictors of pre-doctoral and graduate students\' intentions to care for elderly patients. Also, negative attitudes toward the lives of elderly people have a substantial adverse effect on the intention of care for this population (B = -0.225, t = -2.206, p = 0.029). Cronbach\'s alpha for the scale constructs ranged from 0.738 to 0.886.
CONCLUSIONS: Advanced geriatric training may cultivate pre-doctoral and graduate students\' deeper understanding and recognition of the intellectual and practical benefits that might arise from offering dental care to elderly people.

OBJECTIVE: The study explored the perceptions of final-year Australian dental students, directors of nursing, and consumer representatives toward geriatric education provided at Australian undergraduate dental schools. Findings will strengthen and inform future curricula design for dental schools.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted through videoconferencing and in-person interviews, and analyzed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Thematic analysis found the major themes to include relationships, curriculum variation, resources, and in-service learning experiences. The participants found gaps in the current delivery of undergraduate dental education. Solutions included greater resourcing through funding and time allocated to supervisors and a curriculum dedicated to gerodontology.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professional curriculum design must consider the needs of the learners and stakeholders involved in the health of older people. The focus group participants found multiple barriers and gaps to achieving what is required to adequately prepare dental graduates for an older, frail, and care-dependent population. For curricula to be successful, policymakers and education providers must find solutions to ensure that the oral health needs of older Australians are addressed and managed appropriately.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health of care-dependent institutionalized older adults receiving domiciliary dental care.
RESULTS: Dental health records of institutionalized adults receiving regular domiciliary dental care were examined (observation period: 5 years). Relevant demographic and oral health information were extracted. Statistical analyses included descriptive and non-parametric tests (α = .05). Records of 398 nursing home residents (mean-age: 84.9 ± 6.4 years) were included. Average time spent by the residents in the institution was 2.8 ± 1.5 years. The mean number of teeth present and the overall DMF-T score was 14.7 ± 9.1 and 27.4 ± 6.2, respectively. The DMF-T score increased until the 3-year recall, with a significant increase in the number of decayed teeth (2-year: p = .013; 3-year: p = .010). An improvement in the residents\' periodontal health was seen during the observation period but was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this cross-sectional study confirmed that regular domiciliary dental care provision to institutionalized older adults helps maintain gingival and periodontal health. However, the incidence of dental caries might still be a problem that needs to be addressed with effective measures that improve the daily oral care provision to these older adults.

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status (OHS), Oral health impact profile (OHIP-G-14), and the nutritional status (NS) in community-dwelling, dependent older adults. Information on OHS including DMF(T), plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indices, community-periodontal-index-for-treatment-needs (CPITN), OHIP-G-14, maximum bite force (MBF), chewing efficiency [subjective (SA) and quantitative (VoH) assessments] were collected. NS was obtained by Mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) and body mass index (BMI). Cognitive status was evaluated by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). 240 elders (mean-age = 81.5 ± 8.9y; men =85, women =155) were recruited. Average number of teeth, functional occlusal units and DMF(T), were 18.8 ± 8.9, 7.7 ± 3.5, and 22.3 ± 5.3 respectively. Mean PI, GI, CPITN and OHIP-G-14 were 1.8 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 1.1, and 8.0 ± 12.0, respectively. MBF, VoH, SA were 219.6 ± 193.6, 0.3 ± 0.2, and 3.3 ± 1.4, respectively. MNA and BMI were 22.9 ± 4.7 and 25.5 ± 5.3, respectively. Number of teeth reduced significantly with age (P < 0.001), cognitive decline (P < 0.001). Oral hygiene significantly deteriorated with cognitive decline (P < 0.001). OHIP scores were negatively affected by increasing cognitive decline (P < 0.001). MNA deteriorated in women (P = 0.026), with increasing age (P = 0.015), and advancing cognitive decline (P < 0.001). BMI reduced with advancing age (P = 0.003) and in women (P = 0.016). Based on the findings of this study, it may be concluded that advancing age and cognitive decline, negatively impacted the oral health, oral function, oral health-related quality of life, and the nutritional state of care-dependent community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Tooth wear is a prevalent dental condition among older adults, leading to pain and adversely affecting aesthetics, functionality, and their overall quality of life. This review aims to update the information on tooth wear in older adults from the past five years and to provide guidance on the clinical management of tooth wear in older adults.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in three electronic databases, Scopus, Pubmed, and Embase, for English publications from January 2019 to December 2023 on clinical studies with participants aged 65 or above on tooth wear. A total of 307 articles were retrieved and 14 articles were finally included as references for this study.
RESULTS: This review highlights the common causes of tooth wear and various risk factors, such as medical conditions, hyposalivation, dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, parafunctional habits, and occlusal factors, associated with tooth wear. It is crucial for oral health care professionals to diagnose and manage tooth wear at an early stage through a risk assessment and a clinical examination to avoid complex restorative procedures. Tooth wear management should prioritize prevention, aiming to control etiological and risk factors while employing non-restorative treatments. Restorative intervention, if indicated, should be simple, minimally invasive, and cost-effective. Tooth wear progression should be monitored regularly to determine if a further intervention is needed.
CONCLUSIONS: Since the clinical studies on tooth wear in older adults over the past five years are limited and mainly cross-sectional, more interventional clinical studies are warranted to provide more clinical guidance on tooth wear management in older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical parameters that affect the performance of root-supported overdentures (ROD) and to identify the possible factors that may affect it.
BACKGROUND: ROD still serve as an alternative and successful treatment plan nowadays for partially edentulous patients. Nonetheless, there is not yet conclusive evidence about their clinical evaluation.
METHODS: A search strategy was developed following a PIO (Population, Intervention, Outcome) framework including an electronic search in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus. The systematic search included only randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs), published until January 2023 in English language and was performed by two independent reviewers. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
RESULTS: The final selection of studies included 11 RCTs. Clinically relevant variables derived from this search were: Complications, with caries being the most frequently reported, periodontal aspects and bone changes around abutment teeth. Additionally, methods and clinical suggestions for the maintenance of these restorations and patient-related outcomes were assessed. According to the risk of bias assessment, nine studies were considered of high risk, whereas only 2 of low risk. A meta-analysis was not feasible.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this systematic review, ROD remain a viable treatment plan, offering better denture stability and bone preservation around abutment teeth and high patient satisfaction. Thorough oral hygiene and regular follow-ups are of utmost importance. Further well-designed RCTs are necessary for firmer conclusions.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of implant-supported full-arch metal-ceramic prosthesis with gold-platinum alloy framework in elderly patients.
METHODS: The study included patients with complete and/or partial loss of teeth and terminal dentition. In 2007-2008, 354 implants were inserted in 27 patients. The age of the patients was 61.31±5.08 years. Mombelli index criteria (mBI [modified Sulcus Bleeding Index]) were used. The plaque index was determined using a modified Löe & Silness method. The state of the peri-implant bone (ΔMBL) was determined by a series of OPG. The Geriatric Oral Health Index (GOHAI) was used to assess oral health in the elderly.
RESULTS: Metal-ceramic full-arch implant prostheses with a gold-platinum alloy framework, based on a sufficient and optimal number of implants (6-8), showed high survival rate (100%) after 15 years. Marginal bone loss (ΔMBL) after 15 years was -1.44±1.27 mm. The survival rate of implants was 99.4%. Scores on the GOHAI scale were higher in patients after orthopedic rehabilitation (from 52.7±7.1 to 54.1±8.4, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: After 15 years, all prostheses had mechanical defects, which at the same time allowed them to be used without restrictions. Screw fixation of full-arch implant prostheses, although it was associated with mechanical complications, nevertheless made it possible to perform surgical interventions in a timely manner and stop the development of inflammatory complications. Thus, we do not see any grounds for removing metal-ceramic prostheses and replacing them with new implant prostheses even after a 15-year period of operation. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the reduction in the possibility of individual oral hygiene in elderly patients, as well as possible restrictions on self-visiting a dentist or dental hygienist.
UNASSIGNED: Изучить результативность имплантационного протезирования протяженными металлокерамическими конструкциями с каркасом из золотоплатинового сплава у пожилых пациентов.
UNASSIGNED: В исследование включали пациентов с полной и/или частичной потерей зубов и декомпенсированным зубным рядом. В 2007—2008 гг. внедрено 354 имплантата 27 пациентам. Наложен 51 протяженный (608 звеньев) имплантационный металлокерамический протез с каркасом из золотоплатинового сплава. Возраст пациентов составил 61,31±5,08 года. Для оценки результативности протезирования использованы индексные критерии Mombelli (mBI[modified Sulcus Bleeding Index]). Индекс налета определяли с помощью модифицированной методики Löe и Silness. Состояние периимплантатной кости (ΔMBL) определяли по серии панорамных цифровых ортопантомограмм. Для оценки состояния здоровья полости рта у пожилых использован гериатрический индекс оценки состояния полости рта — GOHAI.
UNASSIGNED: Металлокерамические протяженные имплантационные протезы с каркасом из золотоплатинового сплава, опирающиеся на достаточное и оптимальное количество имплантатов (6—8), показали высокую сохраняемость (100%) через 15 лет. Убыль кости (ΔMBL) через 15 лет составила —1,44±1,27 мм. Сохраняемость имплантатов составила 99,4%. Оценки по шкале GOHAI были выше у пациентов после ортопедической реабилитации (от 52,7±7,1 до 54,1±8,4 балла; p<0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Спустя 15 лет все конструкции имели механические дефекты, которые при этом позволяли пользоваться ими без ограничений. Несмотря на то что винтовая фиксация протяженных имплантационных протезов была связана с механическими осложнениями, тем не менее позволяла своевременно проводить хирургические вмешательства и купировать развитие воспалительных осложнений. Таким образом, оснований к снятию металлокерамических и замене на новые имплантационные протезы мы не усматриваем даже по прошествии 15-летнего периода эксплуатации. Одновременно с этим нужно учитывать снижение возможности к проведению индивидуальной гигиены рта пожилыми пациентами, а также возможные ограничения к самостоятельному посещению стоматолога или стоматологического гигиениста.

BACKGROUND: Poor oral health is common in nursing home residents, and health care professionals report numerous barriers when it comes to the provision of oral care for care-dependent older adults, such as a lack of oral health knowledge and skills, care-resistant behaviors in residents, lack of adequate oral care routines, insufficient systems for documentation of issues related to oral health, a high workload, and unclear responsibilities. An intervention, SmartJournal, has been developed to assist health personnel in preserving older patients\' oral health. SmartJournal is a digital tool with three components: (1) documentation of oral hygiene routines; (2) monthly oral health assessment; and (3) education on geriatric oral care. An updated framework for research on complex interventions has been used to guide the various phases in the development of this intervention. This study focuses on the evaluation phase.
OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess (1) the effectiveness of SmartJournal use in enhancing nursing home caregivers\' capability, opportunity, motivation, and routines related to oral care; and (2) whether SmartJournal use results in improved oral health for nursing home residents.
METHODS: We will use a cluster randomized controlled trial to assess impacts of SmartJournal use as specified under study objectives. Nursing homes located in Rogaland, Norway, will be recruited and randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. The intervention group will be provided with tablets containing SmartJournal and support from research staff, while the control group will continue with existing oral care routines. Both groups will receive oral hygiene packages. The intervention will last for 12 weeks. Measurements will be performed in both groups at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months and include (1) a survey assessing caregivers\' capability, opportunity, motivation, and routines related to oral care; and (2) assessment of oral health status in residents using mucosal-plaque score as a primary outcome measure. Analyses will include descriptive statistics and statistical techniques to look for changes and differences in the study variables within and between the intervention and control groups throughout the study period. Associations between study variables will also be investigated.
RESULTS: Recruitment of nursing homes for the intervention and control groups was completed in February 2023. Recruitment of individual participants (ie, nursing home residents and caregivers) is ongoing, and baseline measurements are being performed consecutively. Results are expected to be ready for analyses in fall 2024.
CONCLUSIONS: We aim to assess the effects of SmartJournal use on oral care and oral health in nursing homes. Results from this work may inform further development and implementation of SmartJournal and similar digital tools aiming to enhance health care services offered to care-dependent people. Finally, SmartJournal may have potential as a learning tool in educational programs for nurses and other health care professionals.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05724043; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05724043.
UNASSIGNED: DERR1-10.2196/46926.