全球对水泥需求的增加对温室气体排放和资源消耗产生了重大影响。需要可持续的替代方案。这项研究调查了掺入20wt。五种工业废物的%-吸入粉尘,氧化铝生产的赤泥,电滤粉尘,以及从食品补充剂生产和部分稳定的工业废物中提取污泥,作为传统水泥的潜在替代品。使用一致的合成方法来制备地质聚合物,它们的物理化学特征,机械,和生物学特性。离子电导率和pH测量以及完整性测试,热重分析(TGA),和浸出分析用于确认合成的地质聚合物的稳定性。傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱用于跟踪地质聚合发生。离子电导率的结果,pH值,和完整性表明,合成的GP是宏观稳定的。TGA显示,主要的质量损失可归因于水脱水和地质聚合物网络中截留的水。由于部分废物降解,只有充满来自氧化铝生产的红泥粉末的GP经历了23%的质量损失。FT-IR显示主要Si-O-(Si或Al)吸收带红移,表明成功的地质聚合物网络形成。此外,与对照(22MPa)相比,大多数充满废物的GP表现出更高的抗压强度(37.8-58.5MPa)。仅填充有部分稳定的工业废物的GP具有较低的机械强度,因为其结构是高度多孔的,因为在地质聚合反应期间气体形成。尽管充满吸尘废物的GP具有很高的抗压强度(58.5MPa),浸出的Sb浓度为25ppm,这限制了它的使用。最终,由于碱性环境和能够与细菌膜反应的金属阳离子的存在,所有样品还显示出对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的有效抗菌活性。研究结果揭示了在多个应用领域中回收这些废物的可能性。
The increasing global demand for cement significantly impacts greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption, necessitating sustainable alternatives. This study investigates fresh geopolymer (GP) pastes incorporating 20 wt.% of five industrial wastes-suction dust, red mud from alumina production, electro-filter dust, and extraction sludges from food supplement production and from partially stabilized industrial waste-as potential replacements for traditional cement. Consistent synthesis methods are used to prepare the
geopolymers, which are characterized for their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Ionic conductivity and pH measurements together with integrity tests, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and leaching analysis are used to confirm the stability of the synthesized
geopolymers. Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used to follow geopolymerization occurrences. Results for ionic conductivity, pH, and integrity revealed that the synthesized GPs were macroscopically stable. TGA revealed that the main mass losses were ascribable to water dehydration and to water entrapped in the geopolymer networks. Only the GP filled with the powder of the red mud coming from alumina production experienced a mass loss of 23% due to a partial waste degradation. FT-IR showed a red shift in the main Si-O-(Si or Al) absorption band, indicating successful geopolymer network formations. Additionally, most of the GPs filled with the wastes exhibited higher compressive strength (37.8-58.5 MPa) compared to the control (22 MPa). Only the GP filled with the partially stabilized industrial waste had a lower mechanical strength as its structure was highly porous because of gas formation during geopolymerization reactions. Despite the high compressive strength (58.5 MPa) of the GP filled with suction dust waste, the concentration of Sb leached was 25 ppm, which limits its use. Eventually, all samples also demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the alkaline environment and the presence of metal cations able to react with the bacterial membranes. The findings revealed the possibility of recycling these wastes within several application fields.