■物种复合体和最近辐射谱系的表型复杂性导致了历史上被分类为单独分类群的形式的多样性。越来越多,随着高通量测序方法的发展,已经认识到额外的复杂性层,如频繁的杂交和网状,这可能会质疑以前密切相关的生物的形态分组。
■我们调查了北欧,亚洲人,和Beringian的Ranunculusauricomusagg种群。通过对736个基因和27,586个SNP的系统基因组分析,以推断来自欧洲的这种表型和分类学上复杂的群体的相互关联性和杂种起源,其特征是杂交史,多倍体,无融合生殖,最近的辐射。通过流式细胞仪种子筛选评估了北欧种群的倍性水平和繁殖模式。此外,为了检查先前被描述为物种并被总结为Ranunculusmonophyllus组的矮星形式的表型可塑性,我们在寒冷(北部)和温暖(温带)条件下进行了气候室实验。
■北欧种群为四-六倍体,主要通过无融合生殖繁殖。复杂的特点是高度网状的关系。上述地理区域之间发生了主要簇的遗传分化。我们在这些地区找到了类群杂种起源的证据,这些地区的基因组贡献与地理上最近的欧洲性祖先物种不同。此外,支持R.monophyllus组的类群中的多phyly。实验表明,与单叶枯病菌相关的性状的不稳定性较低。
■我们得出的结论是,杂种对寒冷气候和较短植被期的多种适应已经形成了R.monophyllus组的表型,我们建议在R.auricomus组中正式分类为nothotaxa。
UNASSIGNED: Phenotypic complexity in species complexes and recently radiated lineages has resulted in a diversity of forms that have historically been classified into separate taxa. Increasingly, with the proliferation of high-throughput sequencing methods, additional layers of complexity have been recognized, such as frequent hybridization and reticulation, which may call into question the previous morphological groupings of closely related organisms.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated Northern European, Asian, and Beringian populations of Ranunculus auricomus agg. with phylogenomic analysis of 736 genes and 27,586 SNPs in order to deduce the interrelatedness and hybrid origin of this phenotypically and taxonomically complicated group from Europe characterized by a history of hybridization, polyploidy, apomixis, and recent radiation. The ploidy levels and the reproductive mode of the Northern European populations were assessed via flow cytometric seed screening. In addition, in order to examine the phenotypic plasticity of the dwarf forms previously described as species and summarized as the Ranunculus monophyllus group, we conducted climate chamber experiments under cold (northern) and warm (temperate) conditions.
UNASSIGNED: The Northern European populations are tetra- to hexaploid and propagate primarily through apomixis. The complex is characterized by highly reticulate relationships. Genetic differentiation of the main clusters has occurred between the above-mentioned geographical regions. We find evidence for the hybrid origin of the taxa in these areas with differing genomic contributions from the geographically nearest European sexual progenitor species. Furthermore, polyphyly in the taxa of the R. monophyllus group is supported. Experiments show low lability in the traits associated with the R. monophyllus group.
UNASSIGNED: We conclude that multiple adaptations of hybrids to colder climates and shorter vegetation periods have shaped the phenotypes of the R. monophyllus group, and we suggest a formal classification as nothotaxa within the R. auricomus group.