大量的抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)已被广泛检测到来自人为环境或动物养殖场的噬菌体基因组,而在饲养场废水处理设施(WTF)压力下,噬菌体对抗性的贡献的动态变化知之甚少。这里,宏基因组学方法用于表征污水基因组并鉴定抗生素抗性组。结果表明,硅藻科的噬菌体家族,Myoviridae,和波多病毒科总是最主要的。对细菌和噬菌体携带的ARGs的分析表明,MLS和四环素抗性基因始终具有最高的丰度,其他ARG类型也具有固定的层次结构。表明总体ARGs丰度分布没有显著变化。然而,在有氧环境中专门鉴定了一种广泛核心的抗生素抗性组。ARGs编码核糖体保护蛋白,特别是对于ARG亚型lsaE,tet44,tetM,tetp,macB,MdlB和rpoB2更倾向于被噬菌体选择,这表明一种更精细的机制,例如专门的转导和横向转导,可能参与了。总之,这些结果表明,应更加重视对噬菌体对抗性贡献的动态变化的监测,携带ARGs的噬菌体管理应侧重于使用控制核心ARGs的技术,而不仅仅是ARGs在噬菌体中的整体分布.
Huge number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been widely detected in phage genomes from anthropogenic environment or animal farms, whereas little is known about the dynamic changes of phage contribution to resistance under a feedlot wastewater treatment facility (WTF) pressure. Here, a metagenomics method was used to characterize the sewage phageome and identifies the antibiotic resistome. The results showed that the phage families of Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Podoviridae were always the most dominant. Analysis of ARGs carried by bacterial and phages showed that MLS and tetracycline resistance genes always had the highest abundances and the other ARG types also have a fixed hierarchy, showing that there is no significant change in overall ARGs abundance distribution. However, an extensively cored antibiotic resistome were specifically identified in aerobic environment. ARGs encoding ribosomal protection proteins, especially for the ARG subtypes lsaE, tet44, tetM, tetP, macB, MdlB and rpoB2, were more inclined to be selected by phages, suggesting that a more refined mechanism, such as specialized transduction and lateral transduction, was probably involved. In all, these results suggest that monitoring of dynamic changes of phage contribution to resistance should be given more attention and ARGs-carrying phage management should focus on using technologies for controlling cored ARGs rather than only the overall distribution of ARGs in phages.