目的:代表对肌肉组织的病态极端追求,肌肉畸形(MD)的特征是对肌肉不足的普遍信念或恐惧以及对肌肉增强的驱动力。尽管有证据表明,性别少数群体对身体形象的担忧加剧,关于性别少数群体中MD症状的程度知之甚少,特别是基于肌肉畸形障碍量表(MDDI)评分。这项研究的目的是评估MDDI在性别膨胀人群中的社区规范,变性人,变性女性。
方法:来自PRIDE研究参与者的数据,一项关于性和性别少数群体健康结果的现有研究,进行了检查。我们计算了均值,标准偏差,以及性别膨胀人群中MDDI总分和子量表得分的百分位数(即,那些在男人或女人的二元系统之外识别的人;n=1023),跨性别男性(n=326),和变性妇女(n=177)。Kruskal-Wallis检验用于评估组差异,事后Dunn检验用于检查成对差异。
结果:跨性别男性报告的平均MDDI总分最高(30.5±7.5),其次是性别膨胀的人(27.2±6.7),然后是变性女性(24.6±5.7)。MDDI总分的差异很大程度上是由“大小驱动”分量表驱动的,在较小程度上,功能损害子量表。三组之间的外观不耐受子量表没有显着差异。
结论:变性人男性报告了更高的尺寸驱动力,功能损害,和MDDI总分与性别膨胀的人和变性女性相比。这些规范提供了对性别少数群体中MD症状经验的见解,并可以帮助研究人员和临床医生解释性别少数群体中的MDDI评分。
变性人的性别认同或表达不同于通常与出生时分配给他们的性别相关的性别。性别扩张是指不适合二元(女人/男人)性别系统的性别认同。我们询问了性别膨胀的人,变性人,和变性女性在PRIDE研究中填写了一项广泛使用的关于肌肉畸形的调查,一个人担心自己肌肉不足的情况。结果显示,变性男性的肌肉畸形症状最高,其次是性别膨胀的人,然后是变性女性。这些发现可以帮助临床医生和研究人员解释一项评估性别膨胀人群肌肉畸形的调查,变性人,变性女性。在这些人群中表征肌肉畸形症状是改善跨性别者和性别膨胀者心理健康的重要步骤。
OBJECTIVE: Representing the pathological extreme pursuit of muscularity, muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by a pervasive belief or fear around insufficient muscularity and an elevated drive for muscularity. Despite evidence of heightened body image-related concerns among gender minority populations, little is known about the degree of MD symptoms among gender minorities, particularly based on Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) scores. The objective of this study was to assess community norms of the MDDI in gender-expansive people, transgender men, and transgender women.
METHODS: Data from participants in The PRIDE Study, an existing study of health outcomes in sexual and gender minority people, were examined. We calculated means, standard deviations, and percentiles for the MDDI total and subscale scores among gender-expansive people (i.e., those who identify outside of the binary system of man or woman; n = 1023), transgender men (n = 326), and transgender women (n = 177). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess group differences and post hoc Dunn\'s tests were used to examine pairwise differences.
RESULTS: Transgender men reported the highest mean MDDI total score (30.5 ± 7.5), followed by gender-expansive people (27.2 ± 6.7), then transgender women (24.6 ± 5.7). The differences in total MDDI score were driven largely by the Drive for Size subscale and, to a lesser extent, the Functional Impairment subscale. There were no significant differences in the Appearance Intolerance subscale among the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Transgender men reported higher Drive for Size, Functional Impairment, and Total MDDI scores compared to gender-expansive people and transgender women. These norms provide insights into the experience of MD symptoms among gender minorities and can aid researchers and clinicians in the interpretation of MDDI scores among gender minority populations.
Transgender people have a gender identity or expression that differs from what is typically associated with the sex assigned to them at birth. Gender-expansive refers to gender identities that do not fit within the binary (woman/man) gender system. We asked gender-expansive people, transgender men, and transgender women in The PRIDE Study to fill out a widely used survey about muscle dysmorphia, a condition in which a person worries they are not muscular enough. The results showed that transgender men had the highest muscle dysmorphia symptoms, followed by gender-expansive people, then transgender women. These findings can help clinicians and researchers in interpreting a survey assessing muscle dysmorphia in gender-expansive people, transgender men, and transgender women. Characterizing muscle dysmorphia symptoms in these populations is an important step to improve mental wellness among transgender and gender-expansive people.