■变性人和性别多样化(TGD)个体面临高比例的心理困扰,包括抑郁症,焦虑,和自杀风险。Further,与城市地区相比,居住在城市地区以外的TGD个人的差距更大。少数群体压力理论指出,少数群体压力源(本文称为边缘化压力源),例如歧视和内化的跨性别恐惧症的经历,导致心理困扰。当前的研究比较了农村地区(人口少于2500人)的边缘化压力源,城市群(人口在2500至50,000之间),和城市(人口超过50,000)样本,并测试了这些压力源在居住地区之间的差异程度。
参与者是225名TGD人,他们完成了一项在线调查,其中包括抑郁症的测量,焦虑,自杀意念边缘化压力,和保护因素。
■在第一个模型中,心理健康结果,边缘化压力源,各地区的保护因素不同。城市群参与者报告经历了更高水平的抑郁,焦虑,和自杀意念和农村参与者报告经历比城市参与者更高水平的抑郁自杀意念。农村和城市集群参与者都报告了几种边缘化压力源的更多经验。在随后的路径模型中,面积和边缘化压力变量之间的间接影响是显著的,但是城市群参与者仍然报告了更高的抑郁症,焦虑,和自杀意念症状(p值<0.05)。
■我们证明,边缘化压力过程似乎解释了生活在城市的TGD个体之间的一些差异,农村,和城市群地区。地区之间的差异在很大程度上仍然存在,然而,在控制了边缘化压力之后,特别是在将城市与城市群地区进行比较时。
UNASSIGNED: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face high rates of psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and suicide risk. Further, TGD individuals living outside of urban areas experience additional disparities compared to their urban counterparts. Minority stress theory states that minority stressors (termed marginalization stressors for this paper), such as experiences of discrimination and internalized transphobia, lead to psychological distress. The current study compared marginalization stressors across rural (population less than 2,500), urban cluster (population between 2,500 and 50,000), and urban (population greater than 50,000) samples and tested the degree to which these stressors account for differences across areas of residence.
UNASSIGNED: Participants were 225 TGD individuals who completed an online survey that included measures of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation marginalization stress, and protective factors.
UNASSIGNED: In the first model, mental health outcomes, marginalization stressors, and protective factors differed between areas. Urban cluster participants reported experiencing higher levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and rural participants reported experiencing higher levels of depression suicidal ideation than urban participants. Both rural and urban cluster participants reported more experiences of several marginalization stressors. In the subsequent path model, indirect effects between area and marginalization stress variables were significant, but urban cluster participants still reported higher depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation symptoms (p-values < .05).
UNASSIGNED: We demonstrate that marginalization stress processes appear to account for some of the differences between TGD individuals living in urban, rural, and urban cluster areas. The differences between areas largely persist, however, after controlling for marginalization stress, especially when comparing urban with urban cluster areas.