BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refers to a clinical condition characterized by gastric content reflux into the esophagus, causing symptoms like acid regurgitation and heartburn. While patient education is essential for GERD treatment, traditional educational models often struggle to effectively improve treatment outcomes.
METHODS: Between January 2021 and April 2022, we enrolled 257 patients and assessed their GERD knowledge. The patients were randomly assigned to either the WeChat group (60 participants) for health education via WeChat platform or the control group (60 participants) for conventional education only. GERD-Q scores were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months post-intervention, with compliance and satisfaction assessed at the study\'s conclusion.
RESULTS: The overall awareness rate of GERD among patients was approximately 22.3 %. The WeChat group showed better compliance than the control group in terms of adhering to a proper diet, taking medication on time, and engaging in moderate exercise (P < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, the WeChat group demonstrated significantly higher treatment effectiveness and satisfaction than the control group (P < 0.05 for all).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients have a relatively low level of knowledge regarding GERD. WeChat has the potential to facilitate lifestyle changes and improve compliance, treatment effectiveness, and treatment satisfaction among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

This systematic review elucidates the complex interplay between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and diabetes mellitus, integrating findings from various studies to highlight pathophysiological connections and effective clinical management strategies. Our examination reveals that mechanisms such as delayed gastric emptying and autonomic neuropathy significantly contribute to the exacerbation of GERD symptoms in diabetic patients, influencing clinical outcomes and treatment efficacy. The review underscores the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches in treating these comorbid conditions and advocates for therapeutic strategies that simultaneously address GERD and diabetes, such as the use of prokinetic agents and tailored surgical interventions like laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This synthesis advances our understanding and proposes a foundation for future research and clinical practice, aiming to improve the quality of life and treatment outcomes for affected patients. This work contributes significantly to gastroenterology and endocrinology, providing a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers alike.

UNASSIGNED: The relationship between laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is intricate. Hiatal hernia repair or gastropexy can have an impact on postoperative GERD.
UNASSIGNED: To assess the effect of the repair of an accidentally discovered HH and/or gastropexy on the development of de novo postoperative GERD symptoms after LSG.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective study included all obese patients who underwent LSG at our hospital from January 2018 to June 2022. The data retrieved from patients\' files comprised demographic and clinical data, including BMI, GERD symptoms, and comorbidities. Hiatal hernias, surgical technique, gastropexy, duration, and intraoperative complications were recorded. Postoperative data included early and late postoperative complications, weight loss, de novo GERD, and medication use.
UNASSIGNED: The study included 253 patients, 89 males (35.2%) and 164 females (64.8%), with a mean age of 33.3±10.04 years. De novo GERD was detected in 94 individuals (37.15%). HH was accidentally found and repaired in 29 patients (11.5%). Only 10.3% of LSG and HH repair patients had de novo GERD symptoms, compared to 40.6% of non-HH patients. 149 patients (58.9%) had gastropexy with LSG. Postoperative de novo GERD symptoms were comparable for LSG with gastropexy (40.5%) and LSG alone (40.9%).
UNASSIGNED: After one year, concurrent hiatal hernia repair and LSG seem to be safe and beneficial in lowering postoperative de novo GERD symptoms. The inclusion of gastropexy with LSG had no significant impact on postoperative de novo GERD. Both HH repair and gastropexy lengthened the operation but did not increase its complications.

This study provided an overview of the knowledge on the main sleep-related disorders and conditions affecting the prognosis of dental treatment: sleep bruxism (SB), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Current scientific evidence seems to suggest that these phenomena (ie, SB, OSA, GERD) belong to a circle of mutually relating sleep disorders and conditions where dental practitioners can play a key role in diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Growing studies have indicated an association between dietary factors and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, whether these associations refer to a causal relationship and the potential mechanism by which dietary factors affect GERD is still unclear.
METHODS: A two-step mendelian randomization analysis was performed to obtain causal estimates of dietary factors, blood lipids on GERD. Independent genetic variants associated with 13 kinds of dietary factors and 5 kinds of blood lipids at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. The summary statistics for GERD were obtained from European Bioinformatics Institute, including 129,080 cases and 473,524 controls. Inverse variance weighted was utilized as the main statistical method. MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran\'s Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed to evaluate possible heterogeneity and pleiotropy. And the potential reverse causality was assessed using Steiger filtering.
RESULTS: The results of the inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted total pork intake (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.21-5.58, p = 0.0143), total bread intake (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, p = 0.0497), total cereal intake (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.31-0.56, p = 2.98E-06), and total cheese intake (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27-0.61, p = 1.06E-05) were associated with the risk of GERD. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis also revealed a negative association between total cereal intake, total cheese intake and the risk of GERD, but the effect of total pork intake and total bread intake on GERD disappeared after adjustment of smoking, alcohol consumption, use of calcium channel blockers, BMI, physical activity levels, and biological sex (age adjusted). Furthermore, the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is negatively correlated with total cheese intake, which mediates the impact of total cheese intake on GERD. The proportion mediated by LDL-C is 2.27% (95%CI: 1.57%, 4.09%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that an increase in total cereal intake and total cheese intake will decrease the risk of GERD. Additionally, LDL-C mediates the causal effect of total cheese intake on GERD. These results provide new insights into the role of dietary factors and blood lipids in GERD, which is beneficial for disease prevention.

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and cholecystitis share overlapping symptoms, including belching, acid reflux, and heartburn. Despite this, the causal relationship between these two conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal link between GERD and cholecystitis using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
METHODS: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using the inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger method to assess the causal effects of GERD on the cholecystitis risk. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on GERD (N cases = 129080; N controls = 473524) and cholecystitis (N cases = 1930; N controls =359264) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. Various techniques were employed to assess pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Seventy-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms from GERD GWASs were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The primary IVW method revealed a significant association between GERD and an increased risk of cholecystitis (odds ratio = 1.004; 95% confidence interval = 1.003-1.005, p = 2.68 × 10- 9). The absence of heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the data supports the reliability of the results.
CONCLUSIONS: GERD was positively associated with the risk of cholecystitis. This study provides insights into potential avenues for the development of prevention strategies and treatment options for cholecystitis in patients with GERD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between GERD and cholecystitis.

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UNASSIGNED: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients often report sleep disturbance (SD); however, the relationship between GERD and SD is unknown. This study investigated whether SD affects symptoms, acid reflux, and autonomic function in GERD patients.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 257 subjects (126 patients with SD and 99 patients without SD) participated in this survey from January 2020 to August 2022. Participants were required to complete questionnaires including the GERD impact scale (GIS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Esophageal mucosal injury, acid exposure, peristaltic function, and autonomic function were assessed by upper endoscopy, high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRAM), 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance with pH (24 h-MII-pH), and electrocardiography (ECG).
UNASSIGNED: Gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with SD experienced a higher frequency of prolonged reflux (p < 0.001), longest reflux event (p < 0.001), acid exposure time (p < 0.001) during the recumbent period, and a higher incidence of erosive esophagitis (EE) (59.5 vs. 45.5%, p = 0.036) than those without SD. Pearson\'s correlation analysis showed that SD was positively correlated with GIS (r = 0.725, p < 0.001), HAMA (r = 0.680, p < 0.001), and HAMD (r = 0.323, p < 0.001) scores, and negatively correlated with parasympathetic or vagal nerve activity (r = -0.770, p < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with SD experience more severe reflux symptoms and nocturnal acid reflux, which may be related to autonomic dysfunction.

Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by nonrelaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) is the gold standard treatment for achalasia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a less invasive treatment, is performed extensively, and the selection of the intervention method remains debatable to date. In addition to the availability of extensive studies on short-term outcomes, recent studies on the long-term outcomes of LHM and POEM have shown similar clinical success after 5 y of follow-up. However, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was more common in patients who had undergone POEM than in those who had undergone LHM. Moreover, existing studies have compared treatment outcomes in various disease states. Some studies have suggested that POEM is superior to LHM for patients with type III achalasia because POEM allows for a longer myotomy. Research on treatment for sigmoid types is currently in progress. However, the long-term results comparing LHD and POEM are insufficient, and the best treatment remains controversial. Further research is needed, and treatment options should be discussed with patients and tailored to their individual needs and pathologies.

OBJECTIVE: The definitive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often requires invasive investigations like upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or reflux monitoring. We aimed to explore the relationship between salivary pepsin and GERD and its value as a non-invasive diagnostic tool.
METHODS: Databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochran Library, and EMBASE) were searched from their inception to January 22, 2024 to explore the correlation of salivary pepsin with GERD. The meta-analysis data retrieved were summarized, including the salivary pepsin concentration, sensitivity of diagnosis (SEN), specificity of diagnosis (SPE), negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis comparing salivary pepsin concentration in two groups (proven GERD and non-GERD) with 18 studies revealed that the proven GERD group had higher salivary pepsin concentration than the non-GERD group (SMD = 1.74 [95% CI 1.14-2.34]). The meta-analysis of salivary pepsin diagnostic value for proven GERD incorporated 23 studies. The results showed pooled SEN (0.73 [95% CI 0.66-0.80]), SPE (0.72 [95% CI 0.65-0.78]), positive likelihood ratio (2.61 [95% CI 2.02-3.39]), negative likelihood ratio (0.37 [95% CI 0.28-0.50]), diagnostic odds ratio (7.03 [95% CI 4.24-11.66]) and area under the SROC curve (0.79 [95% CI 0.75-0.82]).
CONCLUSIONS: GERD patients presented a higher salivary pepsin concentration. Salivary pepsin is both sensitive and specific in identifying GERD, making it a promising non-invasive marker for diagnosis.