如果二氢(H2)成为能源组合的主要部分,地下储气库(UGS)中的大量储存,比如在深层含水层中,将需要。H2的开发需要H2在天然气(及其当前的基础设施)中的份额越来越大,预计在欧洲将达到约2%。H2在含水层中的影响是不确定的,主要是因为它的行为依赖于网站。主要关注的是其被本土微生物消耗的后果,which,除了能量损失,可能导致储层酸化并改变含水层的岩石学性质。在这项工作中,在三相(含水层岩石,地层水,和天然气/H2混合物)高压反应器使用先前研究中描述的方案,使用自生微生物进行3个月。通过添加协议耦合实验措施和建模以计算反应器的pH和氧化还原电位来改进该协议。进行建模以更好地分析实验数据。和以前的实验一样,硫酸盐还原是第一个发生的反应,硫酸盐很快被消耗。然后,甲酸盐生产,乙酸生成,和产甲烷发生。总的来说,H2消耗主要由甲烷生成引起。与先前使用相同协议在较高盐度的含水层中模拟H2注入的实验相反,微生物H2消耗仍然有限,可能是因为营养耗尽.虽然方解石溶解和硫化铁矿物沉淀可能发生,实验后没有观察到岩石阶段的显着演变。总的来说,我们的结果表明,H2在初始损失后可以在该含水层中保持稳定。更一般地说,低盐度,尤其是低电子受体利用率的含水层应与天然气一起储存H2。
If dihydrogen (H2) becomes a major part of the energy mix, massive storage in underground gas storage (UGS), such as in deep aquifers, will be needed. The development of H2 requires a growing share of H2 in natural gas (and its current infrastructure), which is expected to reach approximately 2% in Europe. The impact of H2 in aquifers is uncertain, mainly because its behavior is site dependent. The main concern is the consequences of its consumption by autochthonous microorganisms, which, in addition to energy loss, could lead to reservoir souring and alter the petrological properties of the aquifer. In this work, the coinjection of 2% H2 in a natural gas blend in a low-salinity deep aquifer was simulated in a three-phase (aquifer rock, formation water, and natural gas/H2 mix) high-pressure reactor for 3 months with autochthonous microorganisms using a protocol described in a previous study. This protocol was improved by the addition of protocol coupling experimental measures and modeling to calculate the pH and redox potential of the reactor. Modeling was performed to better analyze the experimental data. As in previous experiments, sulfate reduction was the first reaction to occur, and sulfate was quickly consumed. Then, formate production, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis occurred. Overall, H2 consumption was mainly caused by methanogenesis. Contrary to previous experiments simulating H2 injection in aquifers of higher salinity using the same protocol, microbial H2 consumption remained limited, probably because of nutrient depletion. Although calcite dissolution and iron sulfide mineral precipitation likely occurred, no notable evolution of the rock phase was observed after the experiment. Overall, our results suggested that H2 can be stable in this aquifer after an initial loss. More generally, aquifers with low salinity and especially low electron acceptor availability should be favored for H2 costorage with natural gas.