背景:尽管加拿大对母婴项目进行了大量投资,对土著母亲及其子女的健康几乎没有积极影响。原因尚不清楚,需要确定如何成功实施此类程序。社区投入对于成功的计划至关重要;然而,目前尚不清楚一线工作人员在卫生计划过程中的贡献,即,程序开发,delivery,和评价。根据这些确定的差距,本范围审查旨在:(1)确定成功的因素和障碍,为0-6岁的母亲及其子女实施土著母婴社区健康计划;(2)探讨如何将一线工作人员纳入计划过程.
方法:此范围审查是使用Arksey和O\'Malley框架完成的,由Levac等人通报。四个数据库(Medline,CINAHL,Embase,和Scopus),灰色文学,并检索了1990-2019年的相关材料。从纳入的文章中提取数据,并使用描述性统计进行分析,布劳恩和克拉克框架的主题分析,和主成分分析。
结果:审查中包括45篇同行评审和灰色文章。计划成功的因素包括:建立关系;文化包容;知识传播方式;社区协作;以客户为中心的方法;土著员工;和运营方面的考虑。障碍包括:殖民的影响;权力结构和治理;客户和社区获得计划的障碍;物理和地理挑战;缺乏人员;和运营赤字。发现前线工人在程序交付(n=45)和开发(n=25)中发挥作用。很少(n=6)在程序评估中发挥作用。
结论:虽然从审查中对一线工人在母婴健康项目中的作用有了更好的理解,在大部分文献中,作者无法确定这一角色是否超出了项目交付范围.此外,没有确定一线工人的直接投入及其对计划成功或障碍的看法,建议在未来的研究中探索的领域。这篇综述的发现已被应用于以社区为基础的参与研究项目,也可能有助于改善发展,delivery,和土著母婴健康计划的评估。
BACKGROUND: Despite considerable investment in maternal-child programs in Canada, there has been little positive impact on the health of Indigenous mothers and their children. The reasons for this are unclear and there is a need to identify how such programs can be successfully implemented. Community input is essential for successful programs; however, it is unclear what the contributions of frontline workers have been in the health program process, i.e., program development, delivery, and evaluation. Based on these identified gaps, this scoping review aimed to: (1) identify factors of success and barriers to successful Indigenous maternal-child community health programs for mothers and their children aged 0-6 years; and (2) explore how frontline workers are included in the program process.
METHODS: This scoping review was completed using the Arksey and O\'Malley framework, informed by Levac et al. Four data bases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus), grey literature, and reference lists were searched for relevant materials from 1990-2019. Data was extracted from included articles and analysed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis with the Braun and Clarke framework, and a Principal Component Analysis.
RESULTS: Forty-five peer-reviewed and grey articles were included in the review. Factors of program success included: relationship building; cultural inclusion; knowledge transmission styles; community collaboration; client-centred approaches; Indigenous staff; and operational considerations. Barriers included: impacts of colonization; power structure and governance; client and community barriers to program access; physical and geographical challenges; lack of staff; and operational deficits. Frontline workers were found to have a role in program delivery (n = 45) and development (n = 25). Few (n = 6) had a role in program evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS: Although a better understanding of the frontline worker role in maternal-child health programs was obtained from the review, in a large proportion of literature the authors could not determine if the role went beyond program delivery. In addition, no direct input from frontline workers and their perspectives on program success or barriers were identified, suggesting areas to explore in future research. This review\'s findings have been applied to inform a community-based participatory research project and may also help improve the development, delivery, and evaluation of Indigenous maternal-child health programs.