生物气凝胶已成为有前途的储能材料,为传统气凝胶提供可持续的替代品。这篇综述阐述了他们的综合观点,属性,以及在可充电电池等储能设备中使用的表征挑战,超级电容器,和燃料电池。来自可再生资源(如纤维素,木质素,和壳聚糖),生物基气凝胶表现出介孔,高比表面积,生物相容性,和生物降解性,使它们有利于环境的可持续性。生物基气凝胶在储能系统中用作电极和隔膜,提供所需的性能,如高比表面积,孔隙度,良好的导电性,提高能量密度,功率密度,和设备的循环寿命。最近的进步凸显了它们作为锂离子电池负极材料的潜力,替代不可再生的碳材料。研究表明,超级电容器和燃料电池中的生物气凝胶具有出色的循环稳定性和倍率性能。这些材料的屈服特性,主要是孔隙和传输现象,需要先进的表征方法,它们的合成和加工方法极大地影响了它们的生产,例如,溶胶-凝胶和先进的干燥。生物气凝胶代表了推进储能技术的可持续解决方案,尽管面临可扩展性等挑战,标准化,和成本效益。未来的研究旨在改进合成方法并探索新的应用。生物气凝胶,总的来说,为技术进步提供更健康的途径。
Bio-aerogels have emerged as promising materials for energy storage, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional aerogels. This review addresses their syntheses, properties, and characterization challenges for use in energy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. Derived from renewable sources (such as cellulose, lignin, and chitosan), bio-based aerogels exhibit mesoporosity, high specific surface area, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them advantageous for environmental sustainability. Bio-based aerogels serve as electrodes and separators in energy storage systems, offering desirable properties such as high specific surface area, porosity, and good electrical conductivity, enhancing the energy density, power density, and cycle life of devices. Recent advancements highlight their potential as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, replacing non-renewable carbon materials. Studies have shown excellent cycling stability and rate performance for bio-aerogels in supercapacitors and fuel cells. The yield properties of these materials, primarily porosity and transport phenomena, demand advanced characterization methods, and their synthesis and processing methods significantly influence their production, e.g., sol-gel and advanced drying. Bio-aerogels represent a sustainable solution for advancing energy storage technologies, despite challenges such as scalability, standardization, and cost-effectiveness. Future research aims to improve synthesis methods and explore novel applications. Bio-aerogels, in general, provide a healthier path to technological progress.