转场成绩是短道比赛的重要成功因素,更一致的转弯时间可能会区分等级较高和较低的游泳者。因此,这项研究旨在确定变异系数(CV)和转弯性能的性能进展(Δ%)。八位决赛选手和八位最快的游泳选手都没有进入半决赛的资格,即,从第17位到第24位,包括2019年欧洲短道锦标赛的100、200、400和800(仅限女性)/1500m(仅限男性)自由泳项目,共有64名男性(决赛选手:年龄:22.3±2.6,国际泳联积分:914±31vs.温度:年龄:21.5±3.1,国际泳联积分:838±74.9)和64名女性游泳者(决赛选手:年龄:22.9±4.8,国际泳联积分:904±24.5vs.加热:年龄:20.1±3.6,FINA点:800±48)。线性混合模型用于比较个体间和个体内的表现差异。CV之间的交互,Δ%,和平均值使用双向方差分析(ANOVA)进行分析。结果显示,随着比赛的进行,转弯表现受损。决赛选手的转弯时间比预赛中最快的八名不合格游泳者快(p<0.001)。此外,较短的转弯截面时间更快,即,100米和200米,比中长跑比赛,即,400至1500米种族(p<0.001)。关于轮流性能的变化,与不合格的游泳运动员(0.91%和1.90%,分别)。同样,长途赛事,即,800/1500米,与短距离相比,显示出更低的平均CV和更高的平均Δ%(0.69%和1.93%),即,100米事件(0.93%和1.39%,分别)。关于转弯部分,在墙壁接触前5m发现了最大的CV和Δ%(0.70%和1.45%),在墙壁接触后5m发现了较低的CV和更一致的转弯截面时间(0.42%和0.54%)。不合格的游泳者应致力于在所有转弯部分中与决赛选手的出色转弯表现和更快的时间相匹配。随着比赛的进行,决赛选手和不合格的游泳者都应特别注意在接近墙壁时保持高速度。
Turn performances are important success factors for short-course races, and more consistent turn times may distinguish between higher and lower-ranked swimmers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine coefficients of variation (CV) and performance progressions (∆%) of turn performances. The eight finalists and eight fastest swimmers from the heats that did not qualify for the semi-finals, i.e., from 17th to 24th place, of the 100, 200, 400, and 800 (females only)/1500 m (males only)
freestyle events at the 2019 European Short Course Championships were included, resulting in a total of 64 male (finalists: age: 22.3 ± 2.6, FINA points: 914 ± 31 vs. heats: age: 21.5 ± 3.1, FINA points: 838 ± 74.9) and 64 female swimmers (finalists: age: 22.9 ± 4.8, FINA points: 904 ± 24.5 vs. heats: age: 20.1 ± 3.6, FINA points: 800 ± 48). A linear mixed model was used to compare inter- and intra-individual performance variation. Interactions between CVs, ∆%, and mean values were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed impaired turn performances as the races progressed. Finalists showed faster turn section times than the eight fastest non-qualified swimmers from the heats (p < 0.001). Additionally, turn section times were faster for short-, i.e., 100 and 200 m, than middle- and long-distance races, i.e., 400 to 1500 m races (p < 0.001). Regarding variation in turn performance, finalists showed lower CVs and ∆% for all turn section times (0.74% and 1.49%) compared to non-qualified swimmers (0.91% and 1.90%, respectively). Similarly, long-distance events, i.e., 800/1500 m, showed lower mean CVs and higher mean ∆% (0.69% and 1.93%) than short-distance, i.e., 100 m events (0.93% and 1.39%, respectively). Regarding turn sections, the largest CV and ∆% were found 5 m before wall contact (0.70% and 1.45%) with lower CV and more consistent turn section times 5 m after wall contact (0.42% and 0.54%). Non-qualified swimmers should aim to match the superior turn performances and faster times of finalists in all turn sections. Both finalists and non-qualified swimmers should pay particular attention to maintaining high velocities when approaching the wall as the race progresses.