目的:内窥镜全乳房切除术(ETM)主要使用假体进行重建,脂肪填充,网膜瓣,背阔肌皮瓣,或这些技术的组合。常见的方法包括最小切口,例如,乳晕周围,乳腺下,腋窝,或腋窝中线,这限制了进行自体皮瓣插入和微血管吻合的技术能力,因此,尚未对带有游离腹部穿支皮瓣重建的ETM进行有力的探索。
方法:我们研究了接受ETM和腹基皮瓣重建的女性乳腺癌患者。临床-放射学-病理学特征,手术,并发症,复发率,和美学结果进行了审查。
结果:12例患者行ETM腹基皮瓣重建。平均年龄为53.4岁(36-65岁)。在患者中,33.3%的人接受了一期手术治疗,第二阶段为58.4%,III期癌症为8.3%。平均肿瘤大小为35.4mm(范围1-67)。平均样品重量为458.75g(范围242-800)。在患者中,92.3%的人成功接受了内窥镜下保留乳头的乳房切除术,7.7%的人在乳头底部的冰冻切片上报告了癌症后,术中转换为保留皮肤的乳房切除术。ETM的平均手术时间为139分钟(92-198),平均缺血时间为37.3分钟(范围22-50)。50%的患者接受了深腹壁下穿支,33.4%接受了MS-2横行腹直肌肌皮(TRAM),8.3%接受了MS-1TRAM,8.3%接受了带蒂TRAM皮瓣重建。没有案件需要重新调查,没有发生襟翼故障,利润是明确的,未出现皮肤或乳头-乳晕复合体缺血/坏死。在审美结果评价中,16.7%是优秀的,75%好,8.3%公平,没有一个是不令人满意的。没有观察到复发。
结论:ETM通过最小入路下乳腺或腋下中线入路,随后立即进行带蒂TRAM或游离腹部穿支皮瓣重建,可以通过最小的切口实现“美学上无疤痕”的乳房切除术和重建。
OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic total mastectomy (ETM) is predominantly performed with reconstruction using prostheses, lipofilling, omental flaps, latissimus dorsi flaps, or a combination of these techniques. Common approaches include minimal incisions, e.g., periareolar, inframammary, axillary, or mid-axillary line, which limit the technical ability to perform autologous flap insets and microvascular anastomoses, as such the ETM with free abdominal-based perforator flap reconstruction has not been robustly explored.
METHODS: We studied female patients with breast cancer who underwent ETM and abdominal-based flap reconstruction. Clinical-radiological-pathological characteristics, surgery, complications, recurrence rates, and aesthetic outcomes were reviewed.
RESULTS: Twelve patients underwent ETM with abdominal-based flap reconstruction. The mean age was 53.4 years (range 36-65). Of the patients, 33.3% were surgically treated for stage I, 58.4% for stage II, and 8.3% for stage III cancer. Mean tumor size was 35.4 mm (range 1-67). Mean specimen weight was 458.75 g (range 242-800). Of the patients, 92.3% successfully received endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy and 7.7% underwent intraoperative conversion to skin-sparing mastectomy after carcinoma was reported on frozen section of the nipple base. Mean operative time for ETM was 139 minutes (92-198), and the average ischemic time was 37.3 minutes (range 22-50). Fifty percent of patients underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator, 33.4% underwent MS-2 transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM), 8.3% underwent MS-1 TRAM, and 8.3% underwent pedicled TRAM flap reconstruction. No cases required re-exploration, no flap failure occurred, margins were clear, and no skin or nipple-areolar complex ischemia/necrosis developed. In the aesthetic outcome evaluation, 16.7% were excellent, 75% good, 8.3% fair, and none were unsatisfactory. No recurrences were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: ETM through a minimal-access inferior mammary or mid-axillary line approach, followed by immediate pedicled TRAM or free abdominal-based perforator flap reconstruction, can be a safe means of achieving an \"aesthetically scarless\" mastectomy and reconstruction through minimal incisions.