背景:化疗是治愈肿瘤患者的最佳方法之一。然而,它会导致导致感染的不良影响。需要最新的知识才能为患者提供最好的护理。
方法:这是一个基于在五个数据库中搜索文章(PubMed,LILACS,研究门,谷歌学者,和SciELO)使用“癌症治疗”,“化疗”,“发热性中性粒细胞减少症”,“癌症机会性感染”,“化疗和发热性中性粒细胞减少症”,“癌症和医院感染”,和“免疫抑制和癌症患者”作为关键词。未应用过滤器,然而,最近五年发表的文章被优先选择来撰写本文。
结果:几乎所有的微生物都会导致癌症患者感染,包括定殖和正常微生物群。然而,大肠杆菌,铜绿假单胞菌,克雷伯菌属。,葡萄球菌属。,和链球菌。是报道最多的特工。病毒可能代表性不足,因为需要分子技术来鉴定它们。由于不断引入的设备,血流和相关的感染是发生率最高的。抗生素施用选择抗性微生物,这导致治疗延迟甚至失败。有效预防和控制措施的协议必须涉及厨房工作人员,看门人,护士,和医生,除了患者和亲属。
结论:由细菌引起的血流感染对几种抗菌药物的耐药性最强,是肿瘤患者的主要关注点。多学科团队必须采取预防和教育行动,以便为弱势患者提供最佳护理。
Chemotherapy is one of the best methods to cure oncologic patients. However, it leads to adverse effects that contribute to the establishment of infections. Up-to-date knowledge is needed to offer the best care to patients.
This is a narrative review based on searching articles in five databases (PubMed, LILACS, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and SciELO) using \"cancer treatments\", \"chemotherapy\", \"febrile neutropenia\", \"cancer opportunistic infections\", \"chemotherapy AND febrile neutropenia\", \"cancer AND hospital infections\", and \"immunosuppression AND cancer patients\" as keywords. No filter was applied, however, articles published in the last five years were preferentially selected to compose this article.
Almost all microorganisms can cause infection in cancer patients, including colonizing and normal microbiota. However, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. are the most reported agents. Viruses may be underrepresented because molecular techniques are needed to identify them. Bloodstream and associated infections are among the highest occurrences because of the devices that are constantly introduced. Antibiotic administration selects for resistant microorganisms, which leads to delay or even failure in the treatment. Protocols for efficient infection prevention and control measures must involve staff from the kitchen, janitors, nurses, and physicians, in addition to patients and relatives.
Bloodstream infections caused by the bacteria and which have the most resistance to several antimicrobials are the main concern for oncologic patients. Preventive and educative actions must be taken by a multidisciplinary team in order to achieve the best care for the vulnerable patients.