UNASSIGNED: The foot and ankle are often reported as the most common sites of injury in professional ballet dancers; however, epidemiological research focusing on foot and ankle injuries in isolation and investigating specific diagnoses is limited.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate the incidence rate, severity, burden, and mechanisms of foot and ankle injuries that (1) required visiting a medical team (medical attention foot and ankle injuries; MA-FAIs) and (2) prevented a dancer from fully participating in all dance-related activities for at least 24 hours after the injury (time-loss foot and ankle injuries; TL-FAIs) in 2 professional ballet companies.
UNASSIGNED: Descriptive epidemiological study.
UNASSIGNED: Foot and ankle injury data across 3 seasons (2016-2017 to 2018-2019) were extracted from the medical databases of 2 professional ballet companies. Injury-incidence rate (per dancer-season), severity, and burden were calculated and reported with reference to the mechanism of injury.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 588 MA-FAIs and 255 TL-FAIs were observed across 455 dancer-seasons. The incidence rates of MA-FAIs and TL-FAIs were significantly higher in women (1.20 MA-FAIs and 0.55 TL-FAIs per dancer-season) than in men (0.83 MA-FAIs and 0.35 TL-FAIs per dancer-season) (MA-FAIs, P = .002; TL-FAIs, P = .008). The highest incidence rates for any specific injury pathology were ankle impingement syndrome and synovitis for MA-FAIs (women 0.27 and men 0.25 MA-FAIs per dancer-season) and ankle sprain for TL-FAIs (women 0.15 and men 0.08 TL-FAIs per dancer-season). Pointe work and jumping actions in women and jumping actions in men were the most common mechanisms of injury. The primary mechanism of injury of ankle sprains was jumping activities, but the primary mechanisms of ankle synovitis and impingement in women were related to dancing en pointe.
UNASSIGNED: The results of this study highlight the importance of further investigation of injury prevention strategies targeting pointe work and jumping actions in ballet dancers. Further research for injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies targeting posterior ankle impingement syndromes and ankle sprains are warranted.

UNASSIGNED: Management of ankle pain in dancers can be challenging because of the repetitive stress and complex demands placed on this region. Despite the prevalence of ankle injuries in this population, literature on surgical outcomes and return to dance is limited.
UNASSIGNED: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and functional outcomes after surgical excision of a symptomatic os trigonum in dancers.
UNASSIGNED: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
UNASSIGNED: Between June 2006 and June 2016, a total of 44 dancers underwent surgical excision of a symptomatic os trigonum at a single institution and by a single surgeon. All patients presented with symptoms of posterior ankle impingement syndrome and subsequently failed nonsurgical treatment. Clinical analysis was conducted using various pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcome questionnaires, including the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), Foot Function Index-Revised (FFI-R), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, as well as subjective patient satisfaction.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 44 patients (54 ankles; mean age, 18.2 years) were retrospectively evaluated at a mean follow-up of 33.4 months. The VR-12 Physical Health score improved from a mean score of 37.8 ± 11.9 to 51.2 ± 10.5 (P < .001). The cumulative FFI-R score improved from 46.45 ± 13.8 to 31.2 ± 9.7 (P = .044), with the subcategory of \"activity limitation\" representing the highest-scoring FFI-R subcategory at 65.28 ± 13.4 preoperatively and improving to 34.47 ± 12.4 at follow-up (P < .001). The mean VAS score for subjective pain improved significantly from 5.39 ± 2.84 to 1.73 ± 2.10 (P < .00044).
UNASSIGNED: Overall, the findings of the present study demonstrate that dancers of varying style and level improved significantly according to various clinical measures. Patients included in this study reported that they returned to their previous level of dance upon completion of physical therapy and maintained thriving postoperative careers, which for several meant dancing at the professional level.

The increasing use of artificial pitches has occurred in a multitude of sports at both professional and amateur levels. Artificial turf has become an extremely attractive option as it is felt to encourage a faster, safer and more entertaining play. However these pitches are not without controversy among sporting professionals and in the media. Foot and ankle injury in sport remains incredibly common and a significant burden on health professionals, but what impact do the new artificial surfaces have on these injuries. This review article aims to establish whether artificial turf has an impact on injury rates in the foot and ankle.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review the biomechanics of lower limb injuries caused by frontal-impact road traffic collisions.
METHODS: In this narrative review, we identified articles through pubmed, Scopus and Science Direct search engines for the period of 1990-2014. Search terms included: \"biomechanics\", \"lower limb injury\", \"hip injury\", \"knee injury\", \"foot and ankle injury\" and \"frontal impact collision\". We studied factors affecting the anatomical site, frequency and severity of the injuries.
RESULTS: The most common reported mechanisms of injury were: the impaction of the knee with the dashboard resulting in acetabular fracture or posterior hip dislocation; and toepan intrusion in combination with forceful application of the brake resulting in foot and ankle fractures. The probability of an occupant sustaining significant injury to the hip is increased in taller males, and being out of position during the collision. The probability of an occupant sustaining a fracture to the foot and ankle is increased in shorter female occupants with a large overlap impact or a near oblique collision.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the biomechanics of frontal-impact road traffic collisions is useful in alerting clinicians to the potential lower limb injuries sustained in these collisions.