背景:据报道,沙门氏菌谱系的广泛耐药(XDR)菌株从非洲传播到南亚。XDR菌株对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药,氯霉素,复方新诺明,和氨苄青霉素,导致治疗失败。这项研究的目的包括调查伤寒沙门氏菌谱系的传播以及通过使用分子技术从不同城市地区鉴定XDR伤寒爆发的潜在污染源。
方法:环境样本,包括食物样本,是从不同城镇收集的,并检查了每种分离株对抗菌剂的敏感性。包括伤寒沙门氏菌在内的不同沙门氏菌谱系的分子鉴定,S.ParatyphiA,H58,XDR通过多重PCR进行。
结论:总共328个环境样本,包括生蔬菜,水,并收集了面包店的物品。超过一半的测试样本(64%)发现有沙门氏菌属。通过PCR扩增物种特异性标记确认沙门氏菌,这些标记显示存在伤寒沙门氏菌(40%),S、A类副伤寒(8%),H58(7%),和XDRS.Typhi(6%)。生蔬菜中沙门氏菌的数量最多。,表明食用生蔬菜是沙门氏菌病的可能来源。XDR状态也通过表型抗微生物药敏试验得到确认。
BACKGROUND: Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the Salmonella lineages have been reported to spread from Africa to South Asia. XDR strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ampicillin, resulting in treatment failure. The objectives of this study included the investigation of transmission of S. Typhi lineages and the identification of the potentially contaminated sources of the XDR typhoid outbreak from different urban areas by using molecular techniques.
METHODS: Environmental samples, including food samples, were collected from different towns and the susceptibility of each isolate to the antimicrobial agents was examined. Molecular identification of different Salmonella lineages including S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A, H58, and XDR was carried out through multiplex PCR.
CONCLUSIONS: A total of 328 environmental samples including raw vegetables, water, and bakery items were collected. More than half of the tested samples (64%) found harboring Salmonella spp. The Salmonella was confirmed through PCR amplification of species-specific markers that showed the presence of S. Typhi (40%), S. Paratyphi A (8%), H58 (7%), and XDR S. Typhi (6%). Raw vegetables had the highest number of Salmonella spp., indicating consumption of raw vegetables as a possible source of salmonellosis. XDR status was also affirmed through phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.