背景:怀孕期间适当的饮食习惯对于满足增加的代谢和生理需求至关重要;然而,有关孕妇饮食习惯的信息,特别是农村居民,是有限的。该研究旨在评估Haramaya区孕妇的适当饮食习惯和相关决定因素的水平,埃塞俄比亚东部,2021年。
方法:在Haramaya区的448名孕妇中进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究,埃塞俄比亚东部。数据是由训练有素的研究助理通过面对面访谈收集的,使用经过验证的频率问卷。当孕妇每天至少吃四餐时,她们被标记为“适当的饮食习惯”,有一个很好的食物品种得分,饮食多样性得分高,以及在参考期内大量食用动物源食品。否则,他们被定义为“不合适”。“使用具有稳健方差估计的泊松回归模型来研究自变量与饮食实践的关联。据报道,具有95%置信区间的调整后的患病率比率显示出p值<0.05的相关性。
结果:研究参与者的适当饮食实践为15.2%(95%CI=12-18%)。在受访者中,29.46、37.5和24.7%具有较高的饮食多样性,高食物品种得分,和动物源食品的高消费。适当的饮食习惯在商人妇女(APR=2.07;95%CI1.07-4.02)和丈夫至少具有高中学历的妇女(APR=1.96;95%CI1.06-3.46)中更为普遍。然而,在咀嚼过khat的人群中(APR=0.58;95%CI0.37~0.90)和报告限制某些食物摄入的受访者中(APR=0.36;95%CI0.20~0.65),适当饮食习惯的患病率显著较低.
结论:我们发现,在这个以农村为主的环境中,孕妇的最佳适当饮食做法。此外,在怀孕期间报告咀嚼khat并经历饮食限制的女性中,观察到较低的适当饮食习惯。因此,建议采用旨在鼓励孕产妇营养指导和咨询的营养政策计划和干预措施.
BACKGROUND: Appropriate dietary practices in pregnancy are critical to meet the increased metabolic and physiological demands; however, information about dietary practices among pregnant women, particularly rural residents, is limited. The study aimed to assess the level of appropriate dietary practices and associated determinants among pregnant women in Haramaya District, eastern Ethiopia, 2021.
METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using a validated frequency questionnaire. The pregnant women were labeled as \"appropriate dietary practice\" when they consumed at least four meals daily, had a good food variety score, high dietary diversity score, and high consumption of animal source foods during the reference period. Otherwise, they were defined as \"inappropriate.\" A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to investigate the association of the independent variables with the dietary practice. An adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported to show an association using a p-value < 0.05.
RESULTS: The appropriate dietary practice among the study participants was 15.2% (95% CI = 12-18%). Of the respondents, 29.46, 37.5, and 24.7% had a high dietary diversity, high food variety score, and high consumption of animal source foods. The appropriate dietary practice was more prevalent among merchant women (APR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.07-4.02) and those whose husbands have at least a high school educational level (APR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.06-3.46). However, the prevalence of appropriate dietary practice was significantly lower among those who chewed khat (APR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.37-0.90) and among respondents who reported restriction of the intake of some foods (APR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.20-0.65).
CONCLUSIONS: We found sup-optimal appropriate dietary practice among pregnant women in this predominantly rural setting. Additionally, the lower appropriate dietary practice was observed among women who reported chewing khat and experienced restriction of dietary consumption during pregnancy. Therefore, nutrition policy programs and interventions aimed at encouraging maternal nutritional guidance and counseling are recommended.