背景:菊花“汉白菊”,一种受欢迎的药用和食用植物,主要通过黄酮和咖啡酰基奎尼酸(CQAs)的存在发挥其生物活性。然而,菊花中黄酮和CQA生物合成的调节机制尚不清楚。
结果:在这项研究中,用高效液相色谱法测定了菊花发育过程中黄酮和CQAs的含量,揭示了在S1和S2处具有较高水平的积累模式,在S3至S5处逐渐减少。转录组分析显示CmPAL1/2、CmCHS1/2、CmFNS、CmHQT,和CmHCT是黄酮和CQAs生物合成的关键结构基因。此外,加权基因共表达相关网络分析(WGCNA),k均值聚类,在这项研究中进行了相关分析和蛋白质相互作用预测,以确定与黄酮和CQA生物合成相关的转录因子(TFs),包括MYB,bHLH,AP2/ERF,和MADS盒子家族。TFsCmERF/PTI6和CmCMD77被提议充当CmMYB3和CmbHLH143的上游调节因子,而CmMYB3和CmbHLH143可能形成复合物直接调节结构基因CmPAL1/2,CmCHS1/2,CmFNS,CmHQT,和CmHCT,从而控制黄酮和CQA的生物合成。
结论:总体而言,这些发现为菊花中黄酮和CQAs积累的TF调节网络提供了初步见解,这为“杭白菊”质量提升和行业高质量发展奠定了理论基础。
BACKGROUND: Chrysanthemum morifolium \'HangBaiJu\', a popular medicinal and edible plant, exerts its biological activities primarily through the presence of flavones and caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). However, the regulatory mechanism of
flavone and CQA biosynthesis in the chrysanthemum capitulum remains unclear.
RESULTS: In this study, the content of flavones and CQAs during the development of chrysanthemum capitulum was determined by HPLC, revealing an accumulation pattern with higher levels at S1 and S2 and a gradual decrease at S3 to S5. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CmPAL1/2, CmCHS1/2, CmFNS, CmHQT, and CmHCT were key structural genes in flavones and CQAs biosynthesis. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA), k-means clustering, correlation analysis and protein interaction prediction were carried out in this study to identify transcription factors (TFs) associated with
flavone and CQA biosynthesis, including MYB, bHLH, AP2/ERF, and MADS-box families. The TFs CmERF/PTI6 and CmCMD77 were proposed to act as upstream regulators of CmMYB3 and CmbHLH143, while CmMYB3 and CmbHLH143 might form a complex to directly regulate the structural genes CmPAL1/2, CmCHS1/2, CmFNS, CmHQT, and CmHCT, thereby controlling
flavone and CQA biosynthesis.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings provide initial insights into the TF regulatory network underlying flavones and CQAs accumulation in the chrysanthemum capitulum, which laid a theoretical foundation for the quality improvement of C. morifolium \'HangBaiJu\' and the high-quality development of the industry.