This essay examines the detailed process of isolating facial data from the context of its emergence through the early work of psychologist Paul Ekman in the 1960s. It explores how Ekman\'s data practices have been developed, criticized, and compromised by situating them within the political and intellectual landscape of his early career. This essay follows Ekman\'s journey from the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute to New Guinea, highlighting his brief but notable collaborations with psychologist Charles E. Osgood and NIH researchers D. Carleton Gajdusek and E. Richard Sorenson. It argues that the different meanings assigned to the human face resulted in how each group developed their studies - examining facial expressions either in interaction, where they shape reciprocal actions in interpersonal communication, or in isolation, where faces surface from the individual\'s unconscious interior.

Oral mucosal lesions (OML), which represent a major public health issue worldwide, include any pathological changes in the oral mucosa, such as ulcers, pigmentation, and swelling. Due to its humid and dynamic complex environment, designing oral mucosal preparations poses significant challenges. Drawing inspiration from mussels, this study employed an eco-friendly one-pot strategy for the preparation of chitosan/polydopamine (CS/PDA) films. We demonstrated that CS-induced polymerization of dopamine monomers under acidic conditions, which might be attributed to the large number of hydrogen bonding sites of CS chains. PDA markedly enhances properties of the CS film and exhibits concentration dependence. At the concentration of 1 wt% PDA, the lap-shear strength and tensile strength of CS/PDA films reached 5.01 ± 0.24 kpa and 4.20 ± 0.78 kpa, respectively, indicating that the mucosal adhesion ability was significantly improved. In comparison with the single CS film, the swelling rate of CS/PDA film decreased by about 30 %. Rheological results also showed that the storage modulus returned to 93 % after cyclic large strain, while the single CS film only recovered to 73 %. Moreover, these films demonstrated good biocompatibility and enhanced oral ulcer healing in rats, providing a new and practical option for the local treatment of OML.

The increasing prevalence of esophageal disease highlights the clinical relevance of novel, long-lasting mucoadhesive oral dosage forms. The EsoCap device enables targeted local application of films in the esophagus. Biorelevant test systems such as EsoPeriDiss are essential for early formulation development. To this end, the developed and already described release model for simulating the esophagus is being further developed for its potential for biorelevant mapping of the application site through complete tempering and investigation of biorelevant release media. Particularly viscous saliva formulations led to an extension of the retention time. In addition, possible formulation strategies for increasing the retention time of esophageal applied films are being evaluated, such as different film thicknesses, polymer grades and the influence of different active ingredient properties on the retention time. For highly soluble active ingredients, the film thickness represents an option for extending the retention time, while for less soluble substances, the choice of polymer grade may be of particular interest.

In this study, we propose novel three-layer composite scintillators designed for the simultaneous detection of different ionizing radiation components. These scintillators are based on epitaxial structures of LuAG and YAG garnets, doped with Ce3+ and Sc3+ ions. Samples of these composite scintillators, containing YAG:Ce and LuAG:Ce single crystalline films with different thicknesses and LuAG:Sc single crystal substrates, were grown using the liquid phase epitaxy method from melt solutions based on PbO-B2O3 fluxes. The scintillation properties of the proposed composites, YAG:Ce film/LuAG:Sc film/LuAG:Ce crystal and YAG:Ce film/LuAG:Ce film/LuAG:Sc crystal, were investigated under excitation by radiation with α-particles from a 239Pu source, β-particles from 90Sr sources and γ-rays from a 137Cs source. Considering the properties of the mentioned composite scintillators, special attention was paid to the ability of simultaneous separation of the different components of mixed ionizing radiation containing the mentioned particles and quanta using scintillation decay kinetics. The differences in scintillation decay curves under α- and β-particle and γ-ray excitations were characterized using figure of merit (FOM) values at various scintillation decay intensity levels (1/e, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01).

Epidemiology and public health concerns have primarily relied on the accurate control of gas pollutants, requiring highly efficient gas sensor devices for detecting hazardous gases. Despite the dedication of many efforts in this era, the precise, continuous scrutiny of gases remains elusive for appropriate gas selectivity, prompt response and recovery time, proper repeatability, as well as low cost. Accordingly, nanostructured architectural sensing cues have received enormous attention toward versatile detection and sensing procedures. As a representational nanostructure, the MXene family has been widely introduced to tailor and augment sensor patterns by providing large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, superior electrical conductivity, chemical stability, compatibility with flexible substrates, and potential for multifunctionality. Additionally, they could be synthesized in various formations of film and layered designs, fibrous membranes, and gel-like structures, creating synergetic effects that can provide superior gas-sensing performance. Herein, the synthesis and benefits of MXene nanosheets as gas-sensitive materials, in tandem with the past-to-present progress of MXene-based gas sensors in the formation of films, fibrous, and gel-like configurations, are comprehensively reviewed. As an in-depth reference, the present overview could shed light on further advancing gas sensor architectures developed based on MXene structures.

A simple cascade process based on the hydrothermal fractionation of Ulva spp. biomass was proposed. Considering the overall extraction yields (50 %), ulvan recovery (23 %), and ulvan composition, structural, mechanical and cytotoxic properties, the selected optimal final heating temperature was 160 °C. Ethanol precipitation provided the highest ulvan recovery yields but choline chloride precipitated ulvans showed stronger mechanical properties, G´ moduli 1.5·104 Pa and 3·104 Pa for ethanol and for choline chloride, respectively. Both products were safe on NCTC 929 mouse fibroblasts and after a cooling stage, formed films without requiring any additives. From the ulvan-free liquid fraction, one product with 43 % (wt, d.b.) phenolics and moderate antiradical properties and a byproduct containing nutrients and minerals were separated. The methane potential of the corresponding residual solids was influenced by the hydrothermal heating temperature and was doubled compared to than for the untreated seaweed biomass (60 mL/g VS). This scheme could be also applied to the wet algal biomass, in a chemical free alternative to provide ready to use ulvan biopolymers, bioactives, nutrients, salts and biogas, conforming a biorefinery approach.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of profession-related films on the professional pride of nursing students.
METHODS: The study was conducted with a randomised controlled experimental design.
METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 102 students enrolled in the first year of the School of Nursing, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University in Türkiye in the 2022-2023 academic year. These students were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 57) and control (n = 45) groups. The experimental group watched two documentaries and a film on YouTube with a one-week break. Self-administered online questionnaires were distributed via WhatsApp groups for pretests and posttests. Data were collected with a \"Sociodemographic Data Form\" and the \"Nursing Professional Pride Scale (NPPS)\" included in the questionnaire forms prepared on the Google Forms platform. Data were analysed using Spearman\'s rho, the Mann-Whitney U Test, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 18.80 ± 0.99 years, 80% of the participants were female, the place where 79.4% had lived for the longest duration in their lives was the city, 85.3% had information about the profession of nursing before they started university (36.8% from the internet, 34.6% from people around them). The experimental group had significantly higher NPPS scores than the control group after the intervention (p = 0.017). There was also a significant increase in the dimensions of professional feeling (p = 0.012) and desire to continue the profession in the experimental group (p = 0.002).
UNASSIGNED: Patients and public were not involved in this research.

Periodontitis is a disease of inflammation that affects the tissues supporting the periodontium. It is triggered by an immunological reaction of the gums to plaque, which leads to the destruction of periodontal attachment structures. Periodontitis is one of the most commonly recognized dental disorders in the world and a major factor in the loss of adult teeth. Scaling and root planing remain crucial for managing patients with persistent periodontitis. Nevertheless, exclusive reliance on mechanical interventions like periodontal surgery, extractions, and root planning is insufficient to halt the progression of periodontitis. In response to the problem of bacterial resistance, some researchers are committed to finding alternative therapies to antibiotics. In addition, some scholars focus on finding new materials to provide a powerful microenvironment for periodontal tissue regeneration and promote osteogenic repair. Nanoparticles possess distinct therapeutic qualities, including exceptional antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, immunomodulatory capacities, and the promotion of bone regeneration ability, which made them can be used for the treatment of periodontitis. However, there are many problems that limit the clinical translation of nanoparticles, such as toxic accumulation in cells, poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo, and poor animal-to-human transmissibility. In this paper, we review the present researches on nanoparticles in periodontitis treatment from the perspective of three main categories: inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, and nanocomposites (including nanofibers, hydrogels, and membranes). The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and recent update on nanoparticles-based therapies for periodontitis. The conclusion section summarizes the opportunities and challenges in the design and clinical translation of nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontitis.

This article explores the use of citrus residues as a source of different pectic materials for packaging film production: a water-soluble orange residue extract (WSE) (~5% pectin), semi-pure pectins extracted in citric acid (SP) (~50% pectin), and commercial pure citrus pectins (CP). First, these materials were characterized in terms of chemical composition. Then, films were produced using them pure or mixed with chitosan or glycerol through solvent-casting. Finally, antioxidant activity, functional properties (e.g., mechanical and gas barrier properties), and visual appearance of the films were assessed. WSE films showed the highest antioxidant activity but the lowest mechanical strength with the highest elongation at break (EB) (54%); incorporating chitosan increased the films\' strength (Young\'s modulus 35.5 times higher). SP films showed intermediate mechanical properties, reinforced by chitosan addition (Young\'s modulus 4.7 times higher); they showed an outstanding dry O2 barrier. CP films showed a similar O2 barrier to SP films and had the highest Young\'s modulus (~29 MPa), but their brittleness required glycerol for improved pliability, and chitosan addition compromised their surface regularity. Overall, the type of pectic material determined the film\'s properties, with less-refined pectins offering just as many benefits as pure commercial ones.

A series of novel films based on TEMPO-oxidized chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to ascertain the chemical structure of TEMPO-oxidized chitosan. The surface morphology of the TEMPO-oxidized chitosan nanoparticles was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The physicochemical (area density, thickness, iodine sorption, roughness), functional (moisture sorption, liquid absorption capacity, weight loss upon contact with the liquid, and water vapor transmission rate), antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of films based on TEMPO-oxidized chitosan nanoparticles were also investigated. The physicochemical properties of the films varied widely: area density ranged from 77.83 ± 0.06 to184.46 ± 0.05 mg/cm2, thickness varied between 80.5 ± 1.6 and 200.5 ± 1.6 μm, iodine sorption spanned from 333.7 ± 2.1 to166.4 ± 2.2 mg I2/g, and roughness ranged from 4.1 ± 0.2 to 5.6 ± 0.3 nm. Similarly, the functional properties also varied significantly: moisture sorption ranged from 4.76 ± 0.03 to 9.62 ± 0.11 %, liquid absorption capacity was between 129.04 ± 0.24 and 159.33 ± 0.73 % after 24 h, weight loss upon contact with the liquid varied between 31.06 ± 0.35 and 45.88 ± 0.58 % after 24 h and water vapor transmission rate ranged from 1220.10 ± 2.91to1407.77 ± 5.22 g/m2 day. Despite the wide variations in physicochemical and functional properties, all films showed maximum bacterial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, although they exhibited low antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the films could be effectively utilized as antibacterial wound dressings.