背景:灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒(IPV)疫苗接种是发达国家免疫计划的支柱,而口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)在发展中国家使用,是爆发时的主要疫苗。由于在以色列(2013年)检测到野生脊髓灰质炎病毒(WPV1),对IPV引发的儿童进行口服二价脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种(bOPV),并将其纳入疫苗接种方案.
目的:我们的目的是确定IPV引发的儿童bOPV疫苗接种后粪便和唾液脊髓灰质炎疫苗病毒(Sabin株)脱落的程度和时间范围。
方法:从11个以色列日托中心的婴幼儿方便样本中收集粪便样本。从bOPV疫苗接种后的婴儿和幼儿收集唾液样品。
结果:从251名儿童(年龄:6-32个月)中收集了398份粪便样本,168人在样品收集前4-55天接受bOPV疫苗接种。粪便排泄持续80%,50%,20%,接种后2、3和7周。在用3或4种IPV剂量免疫的儿童中,阳性样本的比率和持续时间没有显着差异。男孩排泄病毒的可能性是2.3倍(p=0.006)。Sabin菌株的唾液脱落分别发生在接种后4天和6天的1/47(2%)和1/49(2%)样品中。
结论:在IPV引发的儿童中,粪便中Sabin菌株的检测持续7周;IPV的额外剂量不会增强肠道免疫力;唾液有限脱落发生长达一周。这些数据可以增强对通过不同疫苗接种时间表实现的肠道免疫的理解,并指导bOPV疫苗接种后儿童的接触预防措施的建议。
Inactivated polio virus (IPV) vaccinations are a mainstay of immunization schedules in developed countries, while oral polio vaccine (OPV) is administered in developing countries and is the main vaccine in outbreaks. Due to circulating wild poliovirus (WPV1) detection in Israel (2013), oral bivalent polio vaccination (bOPV) was administered to IPV primed children and incorporated into the vaccination regimen.
We aimed to determine the extent and timeframe of fecal and salivary polio vaccine virus (Sabin strains) shedding following bOPV vaccination among IPV primed children.
Fecal samples were collected from a convenience sample of infants and toddlers attending 11 Israeli daycare centers. Salivary samples were collected from infants and toddlers following bOPV vaccination.
398 fecal samples were collected from 251 children (ages: 6-32 months), 168 received bOPV vaccination 4-55 days prior to sample collection. Fecal excretion continued among 80 %, 50 %, and 20 %, 2, 3, and 7 weeks following vaccination. There were no significant differences in the rate and duration of positive samples among children immunized with 3 or 4 IPV doses. Boys were 2.3-fold more likely to excrete the virus (p = 0.006). Salivary shedding of Sabin strains occurred in 1/47 (2 %) and 1/49 (2 %) samples 4, and 6 days following vaccination respectively.
Fecal detection of Sabin strains among IPV-primed children continues for 7 weeks; additional doses of IPV do not augment intestinal immunity; limited salivary shedding occurs for up to a week. This data can enhance understanding of intestinal immunity achieved by different vaccination schedules and guide recommendations for contact precautions of children following bOPV vaccination.