冷荨麻疹是一种慢性疾病,由于直接或间接暴露于寒冷温度,会引起寒冷诱发的风团或血管性水肿的发作性症状。而寒冷性荨麻疹的症状通常是良性的和自限性的,严重的全身过敏反应是可能的。收购,非典型的,和遗传形式已经被描述,每个都有可变的触发器,症状,以及对治疗的反应。临床试验,包括对冷刺激的反应,有助于定义疾病亚型。最近,已描述了以非典型形式的冷荨麻疹为特征的单基因疾病。这里,我们回顾了不同形式的寒冷性荨麻疹和相关综合征,并提出了一种诊断算法,以帮助临床医生及时做出诊断,以便对这些患者进行适当的治疗。
Cold urticaria is a chronic condition causing episodic symptoms of cold-induced wheals or angioedema in response to direct or indirect exposure to cold temperatures. Whereas symptoms of cold urticaria are typically benign and self-limiting, severe systemic anaphylactic reactions are possible. Acquired, atypical, and hereditary forms have been described, each with variable triggers, symptoms, and responses to therapy. Clinical testing, including response to cold stimulation, helps define disease subtypes. More recently, monogenic disorders characterized by atypical forms of cold urticaria have been described. Here, we review the different forms of cold-induced urticaria and related syndromes and propose a diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in making a timely diagnosis for the appropriate management of these patients.