肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)在食品中的传播是人类健康和食品安全的重要问题。本研究是第一个系统地检查各种植物来源的食物,如黄瓜,胡萝卜,番茄,萝卜,辣椒,胡芦巴,香菜,薄荷,葱,卷心菜,卷心菜和菠菜是否存在ExPEC或特定的推定ExPEC致病型,并对其系统发育进行深入评估,毒力,和抗药性。从不同环境的不同植物来源食品的1780个样品中回收了77个(15.9%)ExPEC分离株。特定的推定ExPEC致病型,如尿路致病性大肠杆菌(UPEC,23.3%)和败血症相关大肠杆菌(SEPEC,24.6%)在ExPEC分离株中鉴定。克莱蒙特重新审视了新的基因分型方法,揭示了不同系统发育谱系中特定推定的ExPEC病理类型的分布差异(1-27%),例如A,D/E,B1和分化1等。所有推定的ExPEC致病型都具有与其毒力相关的多个基因(4.3-92.8%)或表型(3.3-100%)。对所有推定的ExPEC致病型进行的体外抗菌药物敏感性试验表明,存在100%的多药耐药性,对用作最后一种药物的药物具有中度至高度(52-100%)耐药性(氯霉素,粘菌素)或前线(呋喃妥因,磺胺甲恶唑,氨苄青霉素,庆大霉素)在人类ExPEC相关感染中。总的来说,本研究结果显著有助于我们更好地理解ExPEC在非临床生态位的存在,例如可能对人类健康和食品安全产生影响的植物来源食品。
The dissemination of Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in food is a critical concern for human health and food safety. The present study is the first to systematically examine the diverse plant-origin foods such as cucumber, carrot, tomato, radish, chilli, fenugreek, coriander, peppermint, spring onion, cabbage, and spinach for the presence of ExPEC or specific putative ExPEC pathotypes with an in-depth assessment of their phylogenetics, virulence, and drug resistance. A total of 77 (15.9 %) ExPEC isolates were recovered from 1780 samples of the diverse plant-origin foods of distinct environments. Specific putative ExPEC pathotypes such as Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC, 23.3 %) and Septicemia-associated E. coli (SEPEC, 24.6 %) were identified among ExPEC isolates. The Clermont revisited new phylotyping method revealed the varied distribution (1-27 %) of specific putative ExPEC pathotypes in the different phylogenetic lineages such as A, D/E, B1, and Clade 1, etc. All putative ExPEC pathotypes possess multiple genes (4.3-92.8 %) or phenotypes (3.3-100 %) associated with their virulence. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all putative ExPEC pathotypes demonstrated the presence of 100 % multidrug resistance with moderate to high (52-100 %) resistance to drugs used as last-resorts (chloramphenicol, colistin) or frontline (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, gentamicin) in ExPEC-associated infections in humans. Overall, the present findings significantly contribute to our better understanding of the presence of ExPEC in the non-clinical niche, such as plant-origin foods with a possible consequence on human health and food safety.