动物模型涉及人类以外的物种,因为它可以模仿疾病的进展,它的诊断以及类似于人类的治疗。发现药物和/或成分,设备,他们的毒理学研究,剂量,考虑到它的伦理问题,对副作用进行了体内研究,以便将来在人类中使用。这是动物模型在生物医学研究中的巨大用途的重要性。动物模型具有许多方面,可以模拟人类的各种疾病状况,例如全身性自身免疫性疾病,类风湿性关节炎,癫痫,老年痴呆症,心血管疾病,动脉粥样硬化,糖尿病,等。,还有更多。此外,该模型在药物开发中具有巨大的重要性,医疗设备的发展,组织工程,伤口愈合,骨和软骨再生研究,作为血管手术的模型以及椎间盘再生手术的模型。不过,所有的模型都有一些优势和挑战,但是,本综述强调了各种小型和大型动物模型在药物开发中的重要性,转基因动物模型,医疗器械开发模型,对各种人类疾病的研究,骨和软骨再生模型,考虑到该特定动物模型的所有伦理问题,糖尿病和烧伤伤口模型以及手术模型,例如血管手术和椎间盘退变手术。尽管,使用动物模型的过程促进了研究人员进行研究,考虑到伦理禁令,这在人类中是不可能完成的。
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its\' diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its\' ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer\'s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as challenges, but, present review has emphasized the importance of various small and large animal models in pharmaceutical drug development, transgenic animal models, models for medical device developments, studies for various human diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration model, diabetic and burn wound model as well as surgical models like vascular surgeries and surgeries for intervertebral disc degeneration considering all the ethical issues of that specific animal model. Despite, the process of using the animal model has facilitated researchers to carry out the researches that would have been impossible to accomplish in human considering the ethical prohibitions.